#4 u3aos1 - stress responses (ch4a)

Question 1

stress
3 marks

Answer 1

a psychological + physiological/ biological response
to internal or external sources of tension
that challenge a person’s ability to cope

Question 2

what type of process is stress
1 mark

Answer 2

psychobiological process

Question 3

stressor
4 marks

Answer 3

a person
situation or
event that
produces stress

Question 4

stressor
4 marks

Answer 4

a person
situation or
event that
produces stress

Question 5

psychological
3 marks

Answer 5

mental processes
involved in the perception and interpretation
of stressors

Question 6

biological/physiological
2 marks

Answer 6

physical responses
to stressors

Question 7

example of psycological repsonses to stressor
3 marks

Answer 7

fear
anxiety
excitement

Question 8

example of biological/physiological response to stressor
1 mark

Answer 8

increased heart rate

Question 9

two types of stressors
2 marks

Answer 9

internal stressor
external stressor

Question 10

internal stressor
2 marks

Answer 10

a cause of stress
that originates within the individual

Question 11

internal, psychological stressor example
3 marks

Answer 11

anxiety
excitement
having high expectations

Question 12

internal, physiological stressor example
4 marks

Answer 12

sleep depriviation
hunger
pain
illness

Question 13

external stressor
2 marks

Answer 13

a cause of stress
that originates outside the individual

Question 14

external, environmental stressor example
2 marks

Answer 14

extreme temperatures
loud noises

Question 15

external, sociocultural stressor example
3 marks

Answer 15

life events
social stigma
cultural expectation

Question 16

are stressors always a bad thing. explain
3 marks

Answer 16

no
it can also motivate or challenge you to
cope or do better

Question 17

Acute stress
2 marks

Answer 17

Stress that occurs due to a
sudden
short-term stressor

Question 18

characteristics of acute stress
4 marks

Answer 18

• stress response is severe/intense
• stress reponse lasts a short time
• response is beneficial as it can help us deal with stressor more effectively
• once stressor is dealt with, our body tends to make a quick recovery and returns to homeostasis.

Question 19

chronic stress
2 marks

Answer 19

stress that occurs due to an
ongoing
long-term stressor

Question 20

characteristics of chronic stress
3 marks

Answer 20

• stress response is less severe/intense
• stress reponse is longer lasting
• recovery can take longer due to the ongoing problems.

Question 21

side effects of chronic stress
4 marks

Answer 21

• weakening of the immune system
• disruptions to the digestive + reproductive system
• increased risk or heart attack/ stroke
• increased vulnerability to mental health issues. (depression)

Question 22

examples of acute stress
6 marks

Answer 22

• ACTUALLY sitting an exam
• giving a speech
• riding a roller coaster
• being attacked
• having an argument with your friend
• running late to a meeting

Question 23

examples of chronic stress
6 marks

Answer 23

• all the study LEADING UP to the exam
• being bullied
• ongoing relationship issues
• living in a war zone
• long term physical illness
• high pressure work environment.

Question 24

fight-or-flight-or-freeze response
5 marks

Answer 24

an involuntary/ unconscious reaction
to a sudden/immediate stressor
that prepares the body to either:
- confront the stressor (fight)
- run away (flight)
- be still or stay silent (freeze)

Question 25

Why is the fight-or-flight-or-freeze reponse critical for survival? 2 marks

Answer 25

it provides an immediate response to an emergency situation

Question 26

is the fight-or-flight-or-freeze response acute or chronic? 1 mark

Answer 26

acute DUHHHH

Question 27

which nervous systme is the fight--flight-freeze reposnse impacted by? 1 mark

Answer 27

sympathetic nervous system

Question 28

fight-flight process 12 marks

Answer 28

1. individual comes in contact with an acute stressor 2. a signal is sent from the amygdala to the hypothalamus of the brain 3. hypothalamus activated the sympathetic nervous system. 4. sympathetic nervous system stimulates the adrenal medulla (located on top of the kidneys) 5. adrenal medulla triggers the relase of stress hormones. - adrenaline - nonadrenaline 6. released stress hormones circulate in the bloodstream activating different organs to increase energy levels/ body's levels of arousal 7. Increased arousal helps us either: - directly face stressor (fight) - escape the stressor (flight) 8. physiological changes will occur as the sympathetic nervous system is dominant. 9. once the stressor has passed, the paraympathetic nervous system will become dominant to return the body to homeostasis

Question 29

what physiological/biological changes occur and why, when the sympathetic nervous system is dominant 6 marks

Answer 29

- heart rate increases: quickly transport oxygen and glucose to the muscles - sweat glands increase production: cool the body down - pupils dilate: allows more light in to enhance vision.

Question 30

freeze response 3 marks

Answer 30

when fleeing a situation or responding aggresively are likely to be innefective the invidiual may go into a freeze state.

Question 31

what nervous system is dominant during the freeze response

Answer 31

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 32

characteristics of freeze reponse 4 marks

Answer 32

- drop in heart rate - low blood pressure - stillness of muscles - hypervigilance

Question 33

hypervigilance 2 marks

Answer 33

a characteristic of the freeze response when an individual is extremely alert of their surroundings.

Question 34

why is this response considered adaptive? 3 marks

Answer 34

because it helps us: - avoid detection - conserve energy - immediately shift into fight-or-flight mode

Question 35

cortisol 3 marks

Answer 35

a stress hormone that is released from the adrenal cortex to deal with a chronic stressor

Question 36

why is cortisol more effective compared to adrenaline and nonadrenaline 2 marks

Answer 36

- cortisol acts more slowly - effects are more long lasting

Question 37

when is cortisol released 1 mark 1 note

Answer 37

in the acute phase of stress (study design focuses on its chronic use)

Question 38

physiological effects of cortisol 6 marks

Answer 38

- stimulates liver to release glucose in the blood stream - increases energy supplies for muscles - heightens the brains altertness - improves cell metabolism - reduces inflammation in the body - suppresses the immune system

Question 39

why is the release of cortisol good for short term? 2 marks

Answer 39

it increases alertness and prepares the body to deal with the stressor more effectively

Question 40

disadvantages of the exposure of coritsol to chronic stress 4 marks

Answer 40

- strains/damages internal organs and tissues - puts you at a greater risk for things like heart disease - weakens the body's immune system - makes you more vulnerable to bacteria and viruses that cause diseases.

Question 41

immune system 3 marks

Answer 41

the body's defense against infectious bacteria and viruses that cause disease

Question 42

how does cortisol supress the immune system 1 mark

Answer 42

lowering the number of white blood cells (WBC)

Question 43

what happens when the prolonged release of cortisol suppresses the immune system? 2 marks

Answer 43

- the body's ability to fight of diseases is weakened - leaves indivduals more suspectible to illnesses caused by bacteria.