#10 u3aos2 - social-cognitive approaches to learning (ch5c)

Question 1

social-cognitive approach
2 marks

Answer 1

focuses on how people process, remember, and learn
information in social settings

Question 2

observational learning
3 marks

Answer 2

a social-cognitive approach that occurs when a
learner observes a models actions and consequences
to guide their future choices and behaviours

Question 3

model
1 mark

Answer 3

a person who is being observed by the learner

Question 4

what are the five stages of observational learning
5 marks

Answer 4

1. attention
2. retention
3. reproduction
4. motivation
5. reinforcement

Question 5

attention
1 mark

Answer 5

the learner must actively watch the model’s behaviour (and often consequences)

Question 6

what are some factors that effect attention (both learner and model)
3 marks

Answer 6

model:
- positive status (how successful/attractive/respected they are
- similarity to the observer

learner:
- motivation and interest

Question 7

retention
2 marks

Answer 7

the learner must create and store a mental representation of the
models behaviour for future use

Question 8

factors that effect retention
2 marks

Answer 8

• how good the learner’s memory is
• how meaningful the memory that needs to be encoded is to the learner

Question 9

reproduction
2 marks

Answer 9

the learner must have mental and physical capacity to imitate the behaviour

reproduction doesn’t necessarily mean they actually do the behaviour

Question 10

factors that affect reproduction
3 marks

Answer 10

• age
• physical ability/disability
• cognitive ability/disability

Question 11

motivation
1 mark

Answer 11

the learner must have desire to perform the behaviour

Question 12

factors that affect motivation
2 marks

Answer 12

• how useful or rewarding the bahviour is seen to be
• the type of consequence the model receives for the behaviour

Question 13

reinforcement
2 marks

Answer 13

the consequence of the behaviour that
influences the likelihood of the learner repeating he behaviour

Question 14

factors that affect reinforcement
2 marks

Answer 14

positive outcomes - increased likelihood of the learner reproducing the behaviour
negative outcomes - decreased likelihood of the learner reproducing the behaviour

Question 15

characteristics of observational learning
4 marks

Answer 15

direct VS indirect:
indirect learning (as they are observing someone else)

evidence of learning:
not always observable unless the learner is motivated to display their learning

role of learner:
the learner has an active role

reinforcement of the learner:
increases the likelihood of the learner repeating the learn behaviour to achieve a positive outcome