9. Transport In Animals Flashcards
What is the circulatory system
a series of blood vessels with a pump and valves to prevent backflow
what type of circulatory system do fish have
single circulatory system
describe a single circulatory system
the blood only passes through the heart once for each full circuit of the body
heart -> gills -> body
what type of circulatory system do mammals have
double circulatory systems
describe a double circulatory system
the blood passes through the heart twice per circuit
heart -> body -> heart -> lungs
what is the advantage of a double circulatory system
double circulatory systems can maintain a higher blood pressure which increases the speed at which the blood flows so nutrients can be delivered and waste can be removed more quickly
identify the structures of the heart labelled in the diagram below
name this artery state its purpose
it is the coronary artery and it supplies the heart muscle with blood
what is the name of the wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart
the septum
what type of muscles is the heart made of
cardiac muscle
why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the wall of the right ventricle
the left ventricle has to pump blood further distance around the whole body so the blood needs to be under a higher pressure
why do the ventricles have thicker walls than the atria
the ventricles need to pump blood at a higher pressure to pump it out and around the body and to the lungs whereas the atria only need to pump the blood into the ventricles so do not need to generate as high of a pressure
what is the difference in function between veins, arteries, and capillaries
arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart
Veins carry blood TOWARDS the heart
capillaries for close to tissues for exchange
why is the septum important
it separates the oxygenated blood from the deoxygenated blood
show he direction of blood flow through the heart on the diagram
describe the blood flow through the right side of the heart
- deoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium from the vena cava
- this blood passes through the right AV valve into the right ventricle
- The blood is then pumped out of the heart to the lungs though the right SL valve and into the pulmonary artery
describe the blood flow through the left side of the heart
- blood enters into the left atrium from the pulmonary vein
- the blood is then pumped through the left AV valve into the left ventricle
- the blood is then pumped out through the left SL valve and into the aorta
give 3 ways of measuring the activity of the heart
ECG
Pulse rate
Listening to the sounds of the valves
state the effect of physical exercise on heart rate
physical exercise increases heart rate
explain the effect of physical exercise on heart rate
- muscular contraction requires energy from respiration
- more respiration requires more oxygen and more carbon dioxide
- heart pumps faster to provide more oxygen to the muscles for respiration and to remove the carbon dioxide quickly
what is coronary heart disease
when the artery providing the heart tissue with blood becomes blocked
give 6 common risk factors for coronary heart disease
- smoking
- poor diet
- lack of exercise
- stress
- genetic predisposition
- gender
how can coronary heart disease be prevented by altering lifestyle choices
- exercise regularly
- controlled diet
what treatment options are available for people with cardiovascular disease
drug treatment
surgery
