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Biology > 2. Organisation Of The Organism > Flashcards

2. Organisation Of The Organism Flashcards

1
Q

State 3 parts of an animal cell visible under a light microscope

A

-nucleus
-cytoplasm
-cell membrane

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2
Q

State 4 additional features of eukaryotic cells that are not visible under a light microscope

A

-ribosomes
-mitochondria
-rough endoplasmic reticulum
-vesicles

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3
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis

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4
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes and is involved in producing and transporting proteins

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5
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. It produces energy in the form of ATP by carrying out aerobic respiration

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6
Q

What is the function of vesicles?

A

Vesicles are used to transport substances within cells

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7
Q

A very metabolically active cell is likely to have lots of which type of organelle?

A

Mitochondria as they produce energy through aerobic respiration

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8
Q

What type of cells have rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria?

A

Almost all cells except prokaryotic cells like bacteria

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9
Q

Label this diagram

A
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10
Q

Label this light micrograph of an onion epidermal cell

A
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11
Q

State 6 parts of a plant cell visible under a light microscope

A

-nucleus
-cytoplasm
-chloroplasts
-vacuoles
-cell wall
-cell membrane

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12
Q

State 2 functions of the nucleus

A
  • controls the cell
  • contains genetic material - found in the form of chromosomes
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13
Q

State the function of the cytoplasm

A

It is where most of the cell’s chemical reactions take place

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14
Q

State the function of ribosomes

A

They are the site of protein synthesis

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15
Q

State 3 organelles only found in plant cells

A
  • cellulose cell wall
  • permanent vacuole
    -chloroplasts
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16
Q

What is the function of the cell wall and what is it made of?

A

It provides strength and support. It is made of cellulose (in Plants)

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17
Q

What is the function of the permanent vacuole and what does it contain?

A

It supports the cell and contains cell sap (a solution of sugars and salts)

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18
Q

What is the function of ciliated epithelial cells?

A

They waft away dirt and debris up the throat where it can be swallowed

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19
Q

How are ciliated epithelial cells adapted to their function?

A

Small cilia that line the exposed surface can waft back and forwards

The cilia are long and thin so that lots of them can waft at the same time

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20
Q

What is the function of root hair cells?

A

To take up minerals and water needed by the plant

21
Q

How are root hair cells adapted to their function?

A

They have lots of mitochondria to provide energy for active transport

They have a long extension to maximize the surface area available for uptake

22
Q

What is the function of xylem vessels?

A

To transport water from the roots to the shoots and to support the plant

23
Q

How are xylem vessels adapted to their function?

A
  • waterproofed and strengthened with a substance called lignin
  • small diameter so a continuous column of water is maintained
  • dead cells without organelles so that the flow of water is not interrupted
24
Q

What is the function of palisade mesophyll cells?

A

Their main function is to absorb light and carry out photosynthesis

25
Q

How are palisade mesophyll cells adapted to their function?

A
  • contain lots of chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis
  • thin and tall so that many can be packed together
  • large vacuole pushes chloroplasts to the outside of the cell
  • thin cell wall to minimize the diffusion distance
26
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs to be exhaled

27
Q

How are red blood cells adapted to their function?

A
  • no nucleus so there is more room for haemoglobin
  • contain lots of haemoglobin to carry oxygen
  • biconcave shape giving a large surface area to volume ratio
  • thin membrane to minimize the diffusion distance for gases
28
Q

What is the function of nerve cells?

A

To pass nervous impulses quickly from one part of the body to another

29
Q

How are nerve cells adapted to their function?

A
  • ends contain neurotransmitters to send impulses to other neurons
  • long axon to transmit impulses long distances
  • thin to transmit impulses faster
  • enclosed in myelin sheath to speed up transmission
30
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell?

A

To travel to, penetrate and fertilize and egg cell

31
Q

How are sperm cells adapted to their function?

A
  • they contain a long tail to help it swim to the egg
  • they have a middle section containing lots of mitochondria which provide the cell with energy for swimming to the egg
  • they have an acrosome at the tip containing enzymes to digest the outer membrane of the egg
32
Q

What is the function of an egg cell?

A

To fuse with a sperm cell for reproduction

33
Q

How is an egg cell adapted to its function?

A
  • haploid nucleus so that after fusing with a sperm it produces a diploid organism
  • lots of cytoplasm for many divisions
  • lots of nutrients to support the egg until it reaches the womb
34
Q

Define tissue

A

A group of cells working together to carry out a specific function

35
Q

Define organ

A

A group of tissues working together to carry out a specific function

36
Q

Define organ system

A

A group of organs working together to carry out a specific function

37
Q

Name 3 organ systems in the body

A
  • the respiratory system
    -the circulatory system
  • the reproductive system
38
Q

What tissue make up a plant leaf?

A

Mesophyll tissue
Epidermis
Veins

39
Q

What organs make up the circulatory system?

A
  • the heart
  • the lungs
  • the blood vessels
40
Q

What type of tissue is the heart made up of?

A

Cardiac muscle

41
Q

What organs make up the digestive system?

A
  • oesophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • gallbladder
  • anus
42
Q

In this diagram an example of a tissue, organ or organ system?

A

This is an organ which is made of multiple different tissues

43
Q

Is this diagram an example of a tissue, organ or organ system?

A

This is an organ system which is made of multiple different organs working together

44
Q

Is this diagram an example of a tissue organ or organ system?

A

This is an organ which is made of multiple different tissues

45
Q

Is this diagram an example of a tissue, organ or organ system?

A

This is an organ which is made of multiple different tissues

46
Q

Define magnification

A

How much larger a displayed image is compared with the original object

47
Q

What is the formula to calculate magnification form image size and actual size?

A

Image size = actual size X magnification

I AM

48
Q

How do you convert from mm to cm?

A

Divide by 10

49
Q

How do you convert from mm to um?

A

Multiply by 1000

Biology (9 decks)

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