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Semester 1 - Tissues of the Body > (9) TOB L4.1 CONNECTIVE TISSUE > Flashcards

(9) TOB L4.1 CONNECTIVE TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three components which make up connective tissue?

A

cells, extracellular fibres (elastic, reticular and collagen) and ground substance (Hyaluronate proteoglycan aggregates).

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2
Q

Give three functions of connective tissue and examples

A

Provide a medium for dffusion of nutrients and waste - Blood
Attach muscle to bone and bone to bone - Tendons and Ligaments
Provide substance - Alimentary Canal

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3
Q

Name two constituents of embryonic connective tissue

A

Mesenchyme (gives rise to myriad types connective tissue)

Mucous connective tissue

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4
Q

Give example of where mucous connective tissue can be found

A

Whartons Jelly, in umbilical chord

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5
Q

Two types of normal connective tissue

A
  • Loose connective tissue

* Dense connective tissue (irregular or dense)

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6
Q

Name four types of specialised connective tissue

A

Adipose tissue, blood, cartilage, bone.

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7
Q

Name three common cells found in connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts
Mesenchymal cells
Macrophages

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8
Q

Function of fibroblasts

A

Synthesise collagen, elastic and reticular fibres and ground substance

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9
Q

Function of Mesenchymal cells

A

Undifferntiated cells which differentaite into other cells and maintain exracellular material

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10
Q

Macrophages

A

Ingest foreign, dead or unneeded material.

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11
Q

What is a macrophage called in the liver?

A

Kupfer Cells

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12
Q

What is a macrophage called in Bone?

A

Osteoclast

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13
Q

What is a fibrocyte

A

Mature and less active Fibroblasts

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14
Q

What is a mast cell? (visitant)

A

Release pharmacologically active molecules in response to histamine and heparine.

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15
Q

What are fat cells? (visitant)

A

Store lipids and act as an insulate and shock absorber

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16
Q

What does the extracellular matrix determine in connective tissue?

A

Whether function of connective tissue mechanical or support (loose packing material)

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17
Q

Which type of collagen is most common, and how much of body protein is made up of it?

A

I, 25%

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18
Q

Where is type II collagen present?

A

Hyaline and elastic cartilage

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19
Q

Where does the synthesis of collagen take place?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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20
Q

What is a collagen fibre made up of?

A

Collagen fibrils, in triple helix of alpha chains.

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21
Q

What amino acid is the most common in collagen fibrils and why?

A

Glycine appears every third amino acid and allows close association of collagen fibres

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22
Q

What is responsible for production of collagen fibrils?

A

Fibroblasts, secrete procallagen

23
Q

What type of collagen is found in reticular fibres?

A

Type III

24
Q

Name three places reticular fibres form delicate network?

A

Smooth muscle cells, epithelial cells and blood vessels

25
Q

Name four places reticular fibres make up structural framework?

A

LSLB

Liver, Spleens, Lympoid organs, bone marrow

26
Q

Why are elastic fibres elastic?

A

Due to high lysine content

27
Q

What is the structure of an elastic fibre?

A

Elastin surrounded by microfibrils called fibrillin.

28
Q

Give three places elastic fibres are structurally important

A

Dermis, artery walls and sites with elastic cartilage

29
Q

What is ground substance?

A

Gel like matrix in which fibres and cells are embedded

30
Q

What three things are ground substance made up?

A

GAGs, proteoglycans and glycoproteins

31
Q

How does GAG form a hydrated gel?

A

Highly negative, so attracts water

32
Q

Define loose connective tissue

A

Wispy collagen and many fibroblasts separated by ground substance.

33
Q

What two cell structures are made up of loose connective tissue?

A

Walls (septa) and trabeculae (rods)

34
Q

Name four types of loose connective tissue and two examples of where found (only one for fat)

A

Mucous connective tissue
Aereolar connective tissue
Adipose tissue
Reticular tissue

35
Q

Where find adipose tissue (LCC) 1

A

Fat cells connected by loose connective tissue

36
Q

Where find mucous connective tissue? 2

A

Umbilical cord and subdermal connective tissue of embryo

37
Q

Where fine aereolar connective tissue? 4

A

Deep under skin, submucosa,below mesothelium of peritoneum, parenchyma of glands

38
Q

Wherwe would you find reticular tissue? 2

A

Lymphoid tissue and the liver

39
Q

Define dense connective tissue

A

Close packing of fibres with fewer cells and less ground substance

40
Q

Two functions of dense connective tissue?

A

Achieve mechanical support and transmit forces

41
Q

Name two types of dense connective tissue

A

Regular and irregular

42
Q

How are fibres arranged in dense regular tissue?

A

Fibre bundles orientated in parallel to provide maximum tensile strength

43
Q

Name two places you could find dense regular connective tissue

A

Ligaments and tendons

44
Q

How are fibres arranged in dense irregular connective tissue

A

Interwoven bundles of collagen which criss cross each other in many directions. Counteracts multi-directional forces.

45
Q

Name three places where dense irregular connective tissues found?

A

Dermis, dura mater and large septa

46
Q

What happens in systemic sclerosis?

A

all organs have excessive accumulation of collagen (fibrosis)

47
Q

Name three places sclerosis occurs in sytemic sclerosis and what happens as a result

A

Skin, digestive tract, muscles and kidney - hardening and functional impairment

48
Q

What are keloids?

A

Abnormal scars caused by abnormal amounts of collagen

49
Q

How does scurvy occur?

A

Vitamin C defiency causes defective collagen synthesis resulting in degeneration of connective tissue.

50
Q

What is the main symptom of scurvy?

A

Loosening of teeth in sockets and subsequent loss

51
Q

What is the cause of Marfans syndrome?

A

Autosomal dominant inherited genetic disease. Causes defective fibrilin to be produced

52
Q

What is the result of defective fibrilin in Marfans syndrome?

A

Elastic fibres underdeveloped and hyperelastic. Aortic rupture, high blood pressure and dislocation.

53
Q

What is the name of the disease which causes defiency in collagen type III causing ruptures in tissues containing high reticullin content?

A

Ethlers-Danlos Disease

Semester 1 - Tissues of the Body (16 decks)

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