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Semester 1 - Tissues of the Body > (10) TOB 4.2 CARTILAGE > Flashcards

(10) TOB 4.2 CARTILAGE Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cells does cartilage develop from?

A

Mesenchyme

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2
Q

What is the basic cell involved in formation of cartilage?

A

Chondroblast

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3
Q

How are chondrocytes formed?

A

Chondroblasts secrete extracellular matrix, which surround and entraps cells. Entrapped chondroblasts called chondrocytes.

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4
Q

What is the space chondrocytes are kept in called?

A

Lacunae

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5
Q

Name three consituents of cartilage ground substance

A

Protein, glycoprotein and glycosaminoglycan (Also WATER and LIPIDS)

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6
Q

What type of collagen is mostly found in cartilage?

A

Type 2

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7
Q

Cartilage contains no … substances

A

Inorganic

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8
Q

What is perichondrium?

A

Dense irregular conective tissue which surrounds cartilage of developing bone

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9
Q

What are the two layes of perichindrium called?

A

Outer fibrous layer

Inner cellular layer (chondrogenic)

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10
Q

At what week in development does cartilage first appear?

A

Fifth

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11
Q

What is an embryo’s skeleton made up of?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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12
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage present once mostly converted to bone in embryo?

A

Growth plates and articular cartilage

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13
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

Growth from periphery of bone

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14
Q

How are new chondroblasts formed in appositional growth?

A

FIbroblast like cells at edge of cartilage differentiate into chondroblasts

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15
Q

How do chondroblasts in appositional growth create new cartilage?

A

Secrete extracellular matrix around them and transform into chondrocyter.

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16
Q

What is intersitital growth?

A

Chondrocytes deeper in cartilage divide and give rise to isogenous grops

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17
Q

What directs synthetic activity of chondrocytes?

A

Pressure loads, which creat electrical, mechanical and chemical signals.

18
Q

Why is perchondrium not present at articular surfaces of bone?

A

Must be smooth

19
Q

Name three types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrous

20
Q

Main type of collagen in hyaline

A

II

21
Q

Main type of collagen and what constituents form the bases of fibrous cartilage?

A

I and II, arranged in thick bundles. Combination of dense regular connective tissue and hyaline cartilage

22
Q

Four locations hyaline cartilage can be found (4)

A 
FEAR
Fetal skeleton
Ends of long bones 
Anterior ends of the ribs
Respiratory passages
23
Q

Three locations of elastic cartilage

A

EEE
Ear
Epiglottis
Eustachian tube

24
Q

Four locations of fibrocartilage

A

Intervertabral discs
Menisci
Pubic symphysis
Portions of the tendons

25
Q

Function of Hyaline cartilage

A

Firm and flexible support

26
Q

Function of elasic cartilage

A

Extra flexibility and support

27
Q

Function of Fibrocartilage

A

Very strong and resistant to stretching and compressions

28
Q

Periochondrium present in Hyaline?

A

Yes

29
Q

Periochondrium present in Elastic?

A

Yes

30
Q

Periochondrium present in Fibrocartilage?

A

No

31
Q

How do cells in Hyaline and elastic cartilage receive nutrients?

A

Avascular, so rely upon diffusion

32
Q

What is interesting about the extracellular matrix of elastic cartilage?

A

Contains collagen and many elastic fibres

33
Q

What happens to Hyaline cartilage in old age and disease?

A

It calcifies

34
Q

What happens in degenerative ageing process of Hyaline cartilage?

A

Calcification of matrix due to increase in size and number of chondrocytes, and due to cell death

35
Q

What is osteoathiritis a result of?

A

Articular cartilage erosion at end of bones

36
Q

What is rheumatoid arthiritis?

A

Occurs when secondary destruction of articular cartilage occurs by granulation of synovial membrane tissue

37
Q

Does elastic cartilage ossify?

A

No

38
Q

What is an annulus fibrosus?

A

Intervertabral disc capsule

39
Q

What can happen to this annulus fibrosus?

A

Can rupture, leading to slipped disc

40
Q

What is annulus fibrosus made up of?

A

Fibrocartilage

Semester 1 - Tissues of the Body (16 decks)

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