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Semester 1 - Tissues of the Body > (11) EMBRYOLOGY SESSION 2 - WEEK 3 > Flashcards

(11) EMBRYOLOGY SESSION 2 - WEEK 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Bilaminar Disk

A

The Epiblast and hypoblast. Derived from the embryoblast. This will later become the trilaminar disk with the formation of the primitive streak.

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2
Q

Germ Layer

A

A layer from which other developed tissues originated from

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3
Q

Ectoderm

A

The outermost layer of cells giving rise to the epidermis and nerve tissue

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4
Q

Endoderm

A

The innermost layer of cells giving rise to the gut lining

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5
Q

Doral Surface

A

The outermost surface during early development

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6
Q

Ventral Surface

A

The innermost surface during early development

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7
Q

Mesoderm

A

The middle germ layer giving rise to muscle, bone and more

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8
Q

Primitive Streak definition + role

A

A narrow groove that develops on the dorsal surface of the Epiblast. It has an important role in the orientation of the embryo, determining the front and the back.

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9
Q

Gastrulation

A

The reorganisation of the germ layers into the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm and hence establishing the origin of all tissues.

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10
Q

Trilaminar disc

A

The three germ layers. Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.

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11
Q

Name 3 ectodermal derivatives

A

Skin, Skin derivatives (hair, nails, leans and cornea of eye, mouth annd anus lining), brain and spinal cord, peripheral nerves, Retina and iris of eye

(Outside and nervous system)

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12
Q

Name 3 mesodermal derivatives

A

Smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle
Connective tissue
Bone
Cartilage
Blood and blood vessels
Urinary system

(Muscle, Skeletal and Urinirary system)

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13
Q

Name three endodermal derivatives

A

Lining of the digestive tract
Glands associates with digestion
(E.g. liver, pancreas)
Other gut derivates
(E.g. lungs)

(Gut and lungs)

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14
Q

What is B?

A

Amniotic Cavity

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15
Q

What is C?

A

Yolk sac

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16
Q

What is D?

A

Connecting stalk

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17
Q

What is E?

A

Chorionic Cavity

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18
Q

What is A?

A

Embryo, made up of epiblast and hypoblast

19
Q

Why are weeks 3-8 the most perilous for a developing child?

A

Period of greatest change, when all major structures and systems are formed

20
Q

Why is week three called “the week of threes”?

A

Three cavities (at end of week 2), amniotic, yolk and chorionic.

Three “germ layers” - Mesoderm, ectoderm and endoderm

21
Q

What are two ways via which cell rearrangement occurs?

A

Migration and invagination

22
Q

What is A?

A

Primitive node, located at cranial end of streak

23
Q

What is B?

A

Primitive pit, located at center of node

24
Q

What is C?

A

Primitive streak

25
Q

What happens to the primitive streak as gastrulation proceeds?

A

It regresses

26
Q

In which direction does development proceed?

A

Cranial/Rostral to caudal (Front of head to back of head)

27
Q

What do Anterior and Posterior refer to in normal language?

A

Anterior -front

Posterior - Back

28
Q

What do dorsal and ventral refer to in plan English?

A

Dorsal - Top

Ventral - Bottom

29
Q

What are the two processes shown here called?

A

Migration and invagination

30
Q

Name layers A, B and C

A

A - Ectoderm

B - Mesoderm

C - Endoderm

31
Q

What do cells on epiblast move towards?

A

The primitive streak

32
Q

What do the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm form?

A

The trilaminar disc

33
Q

What do the two holes left in the mesoderm later form?

A

Future mouth and future anus

34
Q

What does the fate of invaginating epiblast cells depend on?

A

Where in the primitive streak or node they invaginate in the formation of the mesoderm.

35
Q

What is the black dot in the center of the diagram, and what do it drive the formation of?

A

The notochord, drives the formation of the nervous system

36
Q

What is the notochord also the basis for?

A

The axial skeleton

37
Q

How is the notochord formed?

A

Prenotochordal cells of epiblast migrate through cranial part of primitive pit

38
Q

What happens to notochord in adults?

A

It regresses

39
Q

What does the primitive streak define in development?

A

What is “front” and what is “back”

40
Q

Name A, B, C and D

A

A - Superior

B - Inferior

C - Posterior

D - Anterior

41
Q

What ensures correct orientation of embryo?

A

Molecular signals emanating from the primitive node

42
Q

Which way does development occur?

A

Head to tail

43
Q

When is gastrulation complete in the caudal region?

A

Week 4

Semester 1 - Tissues of the Body (16 decks)

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