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Cold War > 9- The Collapse Of The Soviet Control Of Eastern Europe > Flashcards

9- The Collapse Of The Soviet Control Of Eastern Europe Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Sinatra Doctrine?

A
  • Part of Gorbechev’s ‘new thinking’

- Meant SU would no longer favour trade with communist countries over trade with capitalist countries

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2
Q

Why did Gorbachev withdraw troops Soviet troops from Eastern Europe?

A

He could no longer support them coz the SU economy was failing

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3
Q

When did Gorbachev reject the Brezhnev doctrine?

A

1988

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4
Q

What did rejecting the Brezhnev doctrine mean for Eastern European countries?

A

Members of the Warsaw Pact could make changes to their counties without outside interference. This became known as the Sinatra Doctrine

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5
Q

What impact did Gorbachev think the Sinatra Doctrine would have on communism + why was this not possible?

A
  • He wanted to strengthen communism by reform

- However once reform started he was unable to control it

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6
Q

Where did reform first start?

A

In Poland

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7
Q

When did Hungary open their border to Austria + why was this significant?

A
  • 1989
  • There was now a hole in the Iron curtain
  • Created a way for EG to move to WG
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8
Q

Explain the events that happened in Poland?

A

1988- strikes through the country

1989- Mazoweicki becomes first non-communist PM in Eastern Europe ( he was elected)

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9
Q

Explain the events that happened in East Germany

A

23rd Oct 1989- 300,000 people protest
4 Nov 1989- 1 million protest in Leipzig
9 Nov 1989- Berlin Wall is opened
3 Oct 1990- Germany unify into one country

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10
Q

Explain the events that happened in Hungary

A

1989- Opens it’s border to Austria

1990- Democratic win elections

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11
Q

Explain the events that happened in Czech?

A

17 Nov 1989- Demonstrations against communism
24 Nov 1989- Communist gov resigns
9 Dec 1989- Vaclav Have becomes first non-comm president
1990- Democratic elections won by Civil Forum ( anti-comm group)

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12
Q

Explain the events that happen in Bulgaria?

A

1990- Democratic elections won by renamed communist party

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13
Q

Explain the events that happened in Romania (the most brutal gov in Eastern Europe)

A

16 Dec 1989- Secret police fire on Demonstrators in Timisoara
22nd-24th Dec- Army joins rebellion + fights secret police
25 Dec- Ceasusearu and wife shot by firing squad
1990- Elections won by National Salvation Front ( lots of ex -comms)

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14
Q

Why was Soviet publications banned in east Germany in the 80’s?

A

They believed they would undermine communism

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15
Q

By 1989, lots of EG people were calling for change. What did they want + how did they demonstrate this?

A
  • Wanted changes to the system of gov

- Demonstration occurred demanding democracy and freedom

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16
Q

Why did Hungary opening border have an impact on EG?

A
  • There was mass movement as many left from east to west

- EG gov was forced to announce freedom for travel for EG citizens

17
Q

What happened on the 9th Nov 1989 + How did this effect EG + WG?

A
  • People began to dismantle the Berlin Wall

- Relatives+ people got to see each other within a few days

18
Q

When did Germany join NATO?

A

1991 + Warsaw Pact dissolved

19
Q

Because of the reforms, how was Gorbachev seen to the people of SU + what prize did he win?

A
  • Nobel Peace Prize 1990

- Was seen as a villain in the SU but as a hero by many of the world

20
Q

Who organised a group to remove Gorbachev from power? Why?

A
  • ‘Gang of Eight’
  • Coup organised on 19th Aug 1991
  • They believe that perestrokia + glasnot had weakened communism rather than reviving it
  • They did remove him from power
21
Q

How long did the new gov last after Gorbachev left?

A

3 days

22
Q

Who was Boris Yeltsin?

A

The Chair of Russian Supreme Soviet

He called on the people of Moscow to resist the new gov

23
Q

When did Gorbachev return to Moscow?

A

Aug 21st + resumed as leader

24
Q

What happened to the Baltic states ( Soviet republics) (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia)between 1990 and 1991? Why?

A
  • Gorbachev introduced a new constitution to attempt to save SU
  • Decided to give these stars greater Indépendance
  • However they wanted full independence+ broke away from Moscow
  • 1990- declared themselves independent
25
Q

When did Gorbachev announce the collapse of the SU?

A
  • 25 Dec 1991
  • he also resigned on this date
  • SU split into several independent states
26
Q

When did the Warsaw Pact end?

A

July 1991

27
Q

Why did the Warsaw Pact end?

A
  • Poland, Hungary, EG all rejected communism
  • SU military had been questioned in Afghanistan
  • SU weak economy meant that it could not continue the Pact
28
Q

Who declared the Cold War over + where?

A
  • George Bush Senior, the American president with Gorbachev
  • Malta Summit
  • 1989
29
Q

What acc need the Cold War!

A

The fall of the SU in December 1991

Cold War (9 decks)

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