3- The Cold War Intensifies Flashcards
What was the Warsaw Pact plus when was it made?
- 1955 by SU + SU satellite sites ( 8 nations)
- Military alliance formed coz of NATO ( counter threat)
- Countries didn’t have a say if they wanted to join
What happens in 1945 of the space race?
- Germany developed V1 + V2 rockets
- 16th July 1945- US tests it’s atomic bomb, Truman tells Stalin at Potsdam
- USA used these bombs on Hiroshima + Nagasaki = ended war in Japan also ended WW2
What did Stalin do after hearing about the atomic bomb at Potsdam?
- Felt threatened by USA
- Scientists pay doubled + SU spends more on research + weapons
- 1949: SU makes atomic bomb
- Truman = shocked
- Both countries increase spending on spending+ developing
What was developed in 1952 + what happened after Stalin?
- H- bomb ( Hydrogen bomb)
- USA builds it first then USSR
- March 1st 1954 USA tests their biggest ever h bomb- boosts their confidence
Who replaces Truman in 1955+ what did he do I the space race?
- Eisenhower
- Announces programme to develop first man made satellite
What were Russia’s 3 victories in 1957?
- Successfully tested ICBM’s = missiles that carry nuclear bombs without humans
- Launch ‘Sputnik 1’: October 1st man made satellite
- November, send a dog to space ‘Laika’ abord ‘Sputnik 2’
How does the USA respond to Russia’s victories in 1958?
- More money into space research
- July- NASA made ( National Aeronautics + Space Administration)
What happens in 1959 of the space race?
- USA persuades Turkey to take some nuclear missiles - establish nuclear sites + short range missiles
- Develops it’s own ICBM’s = US
- Soviet Satellite Lunar 2 reaches moon
- Lunar 3 takes pics of the other side of the moon
When does JFK become president?
1961 + talks about “missile gap”
Who replaced Stalin?
George Malenkov for 2 year
Then Nikita Khrushchev
What did Khrushchev do after he came into power?
- Introduced ‘De-stalinisation’- denounced Stalin’s policies
- Believed in peaceful co-existence
When was the Hungary Uprising?
1956
What happened to Hungary after WW2?
- SU invaded Hungary - red army liberated them
- Occupied Hungary after the war
- New Provisional gov was set up
- Elections held Nov 1945. Communists received 17% of support
Who was the Minister of Agriculture in Hungary?
Imre Nagy
What was the Soviet Union’s new constitution on Hungary?
A republic of workers and Working peasants + became a member of the comiform
Who came to lead the communist party in Hungary?
Matyas Rakosi
How did the communist party take control after their loss on the election?
- Leaders of the other party were arrested + others fled
- Took some members to prison + exile
- Next elections communists were the largest part
How did Raksoi rule once he came to power in Hungary?
- Used terror + brutality
- Secret police (AVH) became hated
- Religious teaching in schools removed
What did Rakosi announce in 1950 that Hungary would become a country of what?
A country of Iron and Steel
Ironic - as the country did not have any of that
What happened to Rakosi’s 5 year plan?
- Failed
- Living standards began to fall
- Hungarian’s made quality of goods produced fall to meet production targets
What were the key features of the Hungarian uprising?
- Demonstrations began in October 1956
- Khrushchev sent tanks + troops to restore peace
- 25th October tanks open fire
- Next day Nagy was taken down as PM ( he took over when Stalin died)
Why did the Soviet Union invade Hungary?
- Damage to Warsaw Pact
- Khrushchev needed to stamp his authority’s on the SU
- US elections
- Set an example to other rest of Europe
Explain the demonstrations that were happening in Budapest?
- Students demanding free elections
- Free press + withdrawal of Soviet troops
- Statue of Stalin was pulled down + dragged through streets
Explain the events of the invasion of Budapest?
- Soviet army captured airports, bridges and key
- Lots of fighting
- Janos Kader became Hungary’s new leader
What were the results of the Hungarian uprising?
- Soviet troops easily defeated Hungarian rebels
- 7,000 troops died
