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Cold War > 7- Attempts To Reduce Tensions Between East And West > Flashcards

7- Attempts To Reduce Tensions Between East And West Flashcards

1
Q

What is détente?

A

After the Cuban Missile crisis there was a move to improve relations which became known as détente

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2
Q

What was the conflict going on in the Middle East?

A
  • Israeli had a victory in the Six day war of 1967

- Arab states were drawn more closely to the SU as Israel was supplied by USA

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3
Q

Explain what was going on in the Vietnam war?

A
  • USA could not defeat the North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong (used to describe Vietnamese communists)
  • 1968: US wanted to end war
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4
Q

When did Nixon become president?

A

1969

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5
Q

What was ‘linkage’ and why was it so important to both the USA and the USSR?

A
  • Was hoped that if the USA improved their trade + technology links+ made an offer in arms reduction, then Brezhnev might persuade his North Viet to end war
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6
Q

When did Nixon visit Moscow?

A

1972

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7
Q

What happens at Nixon’s visit to Moscow?

A
  • Brenzhev didn’t want to see a Chinese + USA relation develop
  • Nixon agreed to take part in a European Security conference , then afterwards the Helsinki agreements were made
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8
Q

How did Nixon show his commitment to détente after the Visit to Moscow?

A

Made a public declaration with the SU

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9
Q

When was peace between USA and North Vietnamese signed?

A

1973

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10
Q

What does SALT I stand for?

A

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

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11
Q

What was SALT I?

A

Talks held in Union to attempt to limit arms race. Talks held in Vienna and Helsinki

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12
Q

What were ‘ABM’ systems and what was decided about then in SALT I?

A
  • Anti-Ballistic missile Treaty
  • Allowed at only 2 sites, each sites contains 100 missiles
  • Designed to detect, track, intercept+ destroy intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs)
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13
Q

What was the SLBM?

A

Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles

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14
Q

What were the Limitations of SALT I?

A
  • Did not limit the amount of strategic bombers
  • No restriction on MIRVs (multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles)
  • Each side was allowed to use satellites to make sure the other was not breaking the deal
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15
Q

When was the Yom Kippur war?

A

1973

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16
Q

The Yom Kippur war was a conflict between which states?

A

Syria + Egypt against Israel

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17
Q

How did the Yom Kippur war involve the USA and USSR?

A

Syria+ Egypt were supplied by SU

Israel were supplied by USA

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18
Q

What was the UN peacekeeping force?

A

An alternative plan to what Brenzhev said about a joint USA- USSR force to save the Egyptians form the Israel
- Allowed non-nuclear counties to be involved in the conflict

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19
Q

When did the Yom Kippur war end?

A

24th October 1973

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20
Q

When was Nixon’s 2nd Visit to Moscow?

A

July 1974

21
Q

What did the leaders agree about at Nixon’s 2nd Visit to Moscow?

A
  • To limit and eventually end the arms race- complete disarmament
  • to develop a mutually beneficial co-operation in economic,scientific,technical+cultural fields
22
Q

When was the space link up?

A

17th July 1975

23
Q

Which 2 space crafts docked?

A

Apollo Soyuz- 3 US astronauts
Soviet Soyuz - 2 SU astronauts
Was a symbolic handshake

24
Q

When was the Helsinki agreements signed?

A

1975

25
Q

How many countries signed the Helsinki agreement?

A

USA, SU And 33 other nations

26
Q

What declarations did the Helsinki agreement cover?

A

Security: SU accepted WG + recognition of Europe frontiers
Cooperation: closer economic + scientific + cultural links
Human rights: basic freedom right such as speech, religion etc

27
Q

Who became the US president in 1977?

A

Jimmy Carter

28
Q

Jimmy Carter sent a letter to Andrei Sakharov, why did this anger Brezhnev?

A

It was seen as interference in Soviet internal affairs+ he made this clear in his speech during the Helsinki talks

29
Q

What happened to the relations between the 2 superpowers after the letter?

A
  • Worsened
  • Groups were sent to Eastern Europe aka Helsinki Groups
  • They complained abt Soviet violations of 1975 agreements
30
Q

How many African states receive Soviet weapons by 1980?

A

21

31
Q

When did SALT II begin + when was treaty signed?

A

Began 1974

Signed, June 1979

32
Q

What were the terms of SALT II?

A
  • Limit of 2400 strategic nuclear delivery

- A 1329 limit on MIRV

33
Q

Why was SALT II not ratified (agreed)by Congress?

A
  • US Congress did not believe limits put forward could be verified.
  • NATO placed long-range missiles in Europe
  • SU invaded Afghanistan which ended détente
34
Q

When did Gorbachev become SU leader?

A

March 1985

35
Q

What was new abt Gorbachev?

A
  • Was younger than his predecessors

- Prepared to adopt drastic changes to improve relations

36
Q

Who was president of US when Gorbachev was leader?

A

Ronald Reagan

37
Q

What did Gorbachev realise about communism in the SU?

A
  • SU economy was not as efficient as US economy

- SU had a lot of consumer shortages

38
Q

Explain what ‘new thinking’ was?

A
  • Reform Gorbachev introduced + modernising socialism
  • Perestrokia (restructuring), glasnost(openness)=reforms
  • Ended arms race with US
  • Abandoning the Brenzhev Doctrine
39
Q

What were some other developments after the ‘new thinking’

A
  • Banned books were published
  • SU learned Stalin’s true nature
  • Helped Gorbachev win support
40
Q

Where was the summit conference held and when?

A

Geneva 1985

- Both Gorbachev and Reagan

41
Q

Explains what the ‘Star Wars’ defence system was?

A

Reagan refused to give up Strategic Defence Initative ( SDI) which was often referred to as the Star Wars defence system

42
Q

What did the leaders agree on in Geneva?

A
  • Speed up arms talk
  • Work toward abolition of chemical weapons
  • Be more active of human rights
43
Q

When was the summit meeting in Reykjavik?

A

1986, In Iceland

44
Q

What happened at the summit in Reykjavik?

A
  • Agreed to reductions in nuclear arsenals

- Had disagreements About SDI and ABM defence programme

45
Q

When was the Intermediate- Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) signed?

A

1987

46
Q

What did the INF treaty state?

A
  • Eliminated nuclear and conventional ground launched ballistic missiles= range 500-5500 km
  • By treaty deadline, 1 June 1991, 2692 weapons had been destroyed by USA and SU
  • Both nations were allowed to inspect each other military instalments
47
Q

What treaties were signed after INF?

A
  • Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE), 1989
  • Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Arms (START I), 1991
  • These built up to the end of the Cold War
48
Q

Where was the final summit meeting held + when?

A

Moscow, May 1988

49
Q

Explain what was ‘Gorbymania’

A
  • The West made Gorbachev a pop star

- The wives of Gorbachev and Reagan has played a role of pushing the leaders together

Cold War (9 decks)

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