9. Respiratory System Flashcards
Lungs occupy the entire _____ cavity apart from the media stinum.
thoracic
media stinum:
area in thoracic cavity which houses the heart and great vessels
trachea:
rigid tubule, walls reinforced with c-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
bronchi:
left and right branches from trachea
intercostal muscles:
deep muscles found in between ribs
help raise the ribcage during inhalation
diaphragm:
muscle that separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
When the diaphragm contracts, the size of the thoracic cavity ______
increases
Visceral pleura:
cover surface of the lung
Parietal pleura:
cover the wall of the thoracic cavity
Pleural membranes produce:
pleural fluid, slippery secretion which allows lungs to glide easily
Vacuum between pleural membranes:
allows lungs to inflate.
If vacuum is broken, lung will collapse = pneumothorax
Bronchioles:
smallest branches of airway close to alveoli, after bronchi have divided
Alveoli:
small air sacs at end of bronchioles
Pulmonary ventilation:
air moving in and out of lungs
External respiration:
gas being moved between pulmonary blood supply and alveoli
Respiratory gas transport:
CO2 and O2 moving across the cell membrane to/from blood stream
Internal respiration:
gas exchange between blood and cells inside the body
O2 is unloaded from blood to tissues, CO2 from tissues to blood
Pulmonary gas exchange:
external respiration - in the lungs
Systemic capillary gas exchange:
internal respiration - in the body tissues
O2 attaches to hemoglobin in blood to form:
oxyhemoglobin
most O2 is transported like this
Most CO2 is transported as __________
bicarbonate HCO3
forms a buffer to minimise changes in pH in blood
pH of blood:
between 7.35 and 7.45
