9. Respiratory System

Question 1

Lungs occupy the entire _____ cavity apart from the media stinum.

Answer 1

thoracic

Question 2

media stinum:

Answer 2

area in thoracic cavity which houses the heart and great vessels

Question 3

trachea:

Answer 3

rigid tubule, walls reinforced with c-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

Question 4

bronchi:

Answer 4

left and right branches from trachea

Question 5

intercostal muscles:

Answer 5

deep muscles found in between ribs

help raise the ribcage during inhalation

Question 6

diaphragm:

Answer 6

muscle that separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

Question 7

When the diaphragm contracts, the size of the thoracic cavity ______

Answer 7

increases

Question 8

Visceral pleura:

Answer 8

cover surface of the lung

Question 9

Parietal pleura:

Answer 9

cover the wall of the thoracic cavity

Question 10

Pleural membranes produce:

Answer 10

pleural fluid, slippery secretion which allows lungs to glide easily

Question 11

Vacuum between pleural membranes:

Answer 11

allows lungs to inflate.

If vacuum is broken, lung will collapse = pneumothorax

Question 12

Bronchioles:

Answer 12

smallest branches of airway close to alveoli, after bronchi have divided

Question 13

Alveoli:

Answer 13

small air sacs at end of bronchioles

Question 14

Pulmonary ventilation:

Answer 14

air moving in and out of lungs

Question 15

External respiration:

Answer 15

gas being moved between pulmonary blood supply and alveoli

Question 16

Respiratory gas transport:

Answer 16

CO2 and O2 moving across the cell membrane to/from blood stream

Question 17

Internal respiration:

Answer 17

gas exchange between blood and cells inside the body

O2 is unloaded from blood to tissues, CO2 from tissues to blood

Question 18

Pulmonary gas exchange:

Answer 18

external respiration - in the lungs

Question 19

Systemic capillary gas exchange:

Answer 19

internal respiration - in the body tissues

Question 20

O2 attaches to hemoglobin in blood to form:

Answer 20

oxyhemoglobin

most O2 is transported like this

Question 21

Most CO2 is transported as __________

Answer 21

bicarbonate HCO3

forms a buffer to minimise changes in pH in blood

Question 22

pH of blood:

Answer 22

between 7.35 and 7.45