1. The Human Body - Orientation Flashcards
Anatomy is…
the study of the structure of the body and it’s parts
Physiology is…
the study of how the body and it’s parts function
Identify the different levels of structural organisation that make up the human body:
Atoms – eg. Carbon, Hydrogen Molecules – e.g. water, sugar, protein Organelles – e.g. mitochondria Cells – e.g. bone cell Tissues – e.g. connective Organs – e.g. lungs Organ systems – e.g. cardiovascular
List the 4 types of tissues in the body
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
Epithelial tissue:
Cells organised to form a covering / lining, and glands - protection, absorption, secretion, filtration
Nervous tissue:
Conducts electrical signals
Muscle tissue:
Specialist cells which contract andshorten
Connective tissue:
Cells organised to provide protection &support, holds things together
Homeostasis:
The body’s ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite external changes. Brought about by virtually all body systems.
Parts of Homeostatic Control System:
- Receptor – detects change & sends info to control centre
- Control Centre – determines set point &appropriate response
- Effector – carries out necessary change
Information is sent along the _______ pathway to the control centre
afferent
Information is sent along the _______ pathway to the effector
efferent
Negative feedback:
- Shuts off original stimulus, or reduces intensity of the reaction
- Most common homeostatic control mechanism
Positive feedback:
•Increases or magnifies the change
List the 11 organ systems and their major function:
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Cardiovascular
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Lymphatic
- Urinary
- Endocrine
- Nervous
- Reproductive
Anterior (ventral)
toward front of body; in front of
Posterior (dorsal)
toward backside of body; behind
Superior (cranial or cephalic)
toward head end or upper part; above
Inferior (caudal)
away from head end or toward lower part; below
Medial
toward or at the midline of body; on inner side of
Lateral
away from the midline of body; on outer side of
Distal
farther from origin of body part or point of attachment of a limb to body trunk
Proximal
close to origin of body part or point of attachment of a limb to body trunk
Superficial
toward or at body surface
Deep
away from body surface, more internal
Median (midsagittal) plane
down medial line of body, divides right & left halves
Frontal (coronal) plane
lengthwise, divides body into anterior & posterior parts
Transverse plane
horizontal, divides body into superior & inferior parts
