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HAP1 Revision > 5. Muscular System > Flashcards

5. Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Flexion

A

decreases the angle of a joint

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2
Q

Extension

A

increases the angle of a joint

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3
Q

Rotation

A

movement of bone around it’s longitudinal axis

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4
Q

Abduction

A

away from the midline

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5
Q

Adduction

A

towards midline

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6
Q

Dorsiflexion of foot

A

toes towards head

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7
Q

Plantar flexion of foot

A

pointing toes away from head

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8
Q

Supination

A

radius and ulna are parallel, palms face anteriorly

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9
Q

Pronation

A

radius rotates over ulna, palms face posteriorly

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10
Q

The 3 types of muscle tissue:

A

skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle

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11
Q

Muscle tissues differ in:

A

structure
function
location
activation

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12
Q

4 qualities of muscle tissue:

A

excitability/irritability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

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13
Q

Excitability/irritability:

A

ability to receive and respond to stimuli

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14
Q

Contractility:

A

ability to shorten forcibly

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15
Q

Extensibility:

A

ability to be stretched or extended

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16
Q

Elasticity:

A

ability to recoil and resume resting length

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17
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue:

A

branching chains of cells, uninucleate, striations, intercalated discs
involuntary - controlled by pacemaker, NS, hormones

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18
Q

Intercalated discs

A

stick cardiac muscle cells close to each other to allow ions to travel quickly from cell to cell

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19
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

single, fusiform, uninucleate, no striations

involuntary - controlled by NS, hormones, chemicals, stretch

20
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate, very obvious striations
under voluntary control

21
Q

A muscle is an organ composed of:

A

muscle tissue
blood vessels
nerve fibres
connective tissue

22
Q

Epimysium

A

outer wrapping of connective tissue around a muscle

23
Q

Fascicles

A

bundles of muscle fibres wrapped in connective tissue

perimysium

24
Q

Perimysium

A

connective tissue wrapped around fascicles

25
Q

Muscle fibre

A

single muscle cell

long and thin

26
Q

Endomysium

A

connective tissue wrapped around each muscle fibre

27
Q

Sarcolemma

A

cell wall of muscle cell

28
Q

Myofibrils:

A

complex organelle made of bundles of myofilaments
contractile elements within muscle fibre/cell
densely packed, rod-like

29
Q

Sarcomere:

A

smallest contractile unit of a skeletal muscle

region of a myofibril between 2 successive Z discs

30
Q

Two types of myofilaments with myofibril:

A

actin and myosin

31
Q

Actin:

A

thin myofilament - contractile proteins

32
Q

Myosin:

A

thick myofilament - contractile proteins

33
Q

Describe the arrangement of myofibrils within a muscle cell:

A

perfectly aligned repeating series of dark A bands and light I bands

34
Q

A single segment of thick and thin filaments and the Z disc is called a ________

A

sarcomere

35
Q

A single motor neuron and all it’s connections to muscle cells is called a ________

A

motor unit

36
Q

Describe a small motor unit:

A

a motor neuron connected to a few muscle fibres

needed for fine control

37
Q

Describe a large motor unit:

A

a motor neuron connected to many muscle fibres

generates higher force

38
Q

What is acetylcholine (ACh)?

A

the neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle

39
Q

Tension:

A

an active muscle

cross-bridges attempt to contract the length of sarcomere

40
Q

Concentric contraction:

A

a shortening muscle

active muscle with sarcomeres shortening

41
Q

Eccentric contraction:

A

a lengthening muscle

active muscle with sarcomeres lengthening

42
Q

Isometric contraction:

A

no change in muscle length

active muscle with no shortening or lengthening

43
Q

Where would you find vesicles containing acetylcholine?

A

in axon terminals

44
Q

Circumduction

A

circular movement of a bone at a joint

45
Q

Eversion

A

turning the sole of foot outward, with the weight of the inside of foot

46
Q

Inversion

A

turning the sole inwards, weight on outside of foot

47
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum:

A

organelle within muscle cell, stores calcium ions

HAP1 Revision (13 decks)

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