8. Endocrine System

Question 1

Anterior Pituitary hormones:

Answer 1

'FLAT GP'
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
Luteinising Hormone
Adrenocorticotrophic
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Growth hormone
Prolactin

Question 2

Posterior Pituitary hormones:

Answer 2

OA (Overseas Adventure is Posterior to studies)
Oxytocin
Anti-diuretic hormone

Question 3

FSH:

Answer 3

Develops eggs/follicles in ovaries and testes, enhances sperm production

Question 4

LH:

Answer 4

Ovulation, testosterone production, secretion of progesterone/oestrogen

Question 5

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone:

Answer 5

Stimulates adrenal cortex

Question 6

Thyroid-stimulating hormone:

Answer 6

Stimulates thyroid gland

Question 7

Growth hormone:

Answer 7

Stimulates bone/muscle growth

Question 8

Prolactin:

Answer 8

Stimulates milk production

Question 9

Oxytocin:

Answer 9

Stimulates ‘let-down’ of milk and uterine contractions

Question 10

Anti-diuretic hormone:

Answer 10

Ups water retention

Question 11

Adrenal cortex produces:

Answer 11

Glucocortacoids
Mineralocorticoids
Gonadacorticoids

Question 12

Adrenal medulla produces:

Answer 12

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine

Question 13

Glucocortacoids:

Answer 13

Controls blood glucose levels and stress

Question 14

Mineralocorticoids:

Answer 14

Controls mineral and water balance

Question 15

Gonadacorticoids:

Answer 15

Regulates sex hormones

Question 16

Thyroid gland produces:

Answer 16

Thyroid Hormone

Calcitonin

Question 17

Parathyroid produces:

Answer 17

Parathyroid hormone - increases blood calcium

Question 18

Thyroid hormone:

Answer 18

Stimulates metabolism

Question 19

Calcitonin:

Answer 19

decreases blood calcium level (Calciton-IN = puts calcium IN the bones)

Question 20

Pineal gland produces:

Answer 20

Melatonin - influences sleep/wake cycles

Question 21

Pancreas produces:

Answer 21

Insulin and glucagon

Question 22

Thymus produces:

Answer 22

Thymosin - supports immune system

Question 23

Insulin:

Answer 23

Reduces blood sugar

Question 24

Glucagon:

Answer 24

Increases blood sugar

Question 25

Testosterone:

Answer 25

Produced in testes

Supports sperm formation & develops secondary sex characteristics

Question 26

Progesterone:

Answer 26

Produced in ovaries

Maintains pregnancy & lactation prep.

Question 27

Oestrogen:

Answer 27

Growth/maturation of female sex characteristics

Question 28

3 Types of stimulation of endocrine glands:

Answer 28

hormonal - by other hormones
humoral - changes in blood concentration
neural - nerve stimulation

Question 29

Endocrine gland:

Answer 29

ductless (no passageways) cluster of cells that releases hormones directly into surrounding tissue i.e blood, lymph

Question 30

Hormone:

Answer 30

Chemical messenger made by cells inside gland/organ

Question 31

Target cell:

Answer 31

Destination for a specific hormone

Receptors on plasma membrane (AAB) or inside cell (SB)

Question 32

Steroid-based hormones (SB):

Answer 32

Lipid soluble, bind to receptors within a cell

Question 33

Amino Acid-based hormones (AAB):

Answer 33

Water soluble, bind to receptors on plasma membrane, triggering a “second messenger”

Question 34

Because steroid-based hormones are _____ , they can pass freely through ________

Answer 34

lipid soluble

cell membranes