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HAP1 Revision > 7. Central Nervous System > Flashcards

7. Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The four major regions of the brain:

A
  1. cerebral hemispheres
  2. diencephalon
  3. brain stem
  4. cerebellum
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2
Q

Cerebrum:

A

2 cerebral hemispheres of brain

most superior region, and largest

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3
Q

gyri

A

elevated ridges of tissue on surface of cerebrum

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4
Q

sulci

A

shallow grooves on surface of cerebrum

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5
Q

fissures

A

deep grooves separating large regions of the brain

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6
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

separates cerebral hemispheres

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7
Q

cerebral hemispheres are has 3 regions:

A
  1. cortex - superficial gray matter
  2. white matter - internal area, myelinated axons
  3. basal nucei - islands of gray matter deep within white matter, regulate movement
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8
Q

Cerebral cortex functions:

A 
speech
memory
voluntary movement
logical and emotional responses
consciousness
interpretation of sensation
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9
Q

Frontal lobe:

A

anterior segment of brain

control of skeletal muscles, language, memory

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10
Q

Parietal lobe:

A

posterior to frontal lobe

interprets sensory information - pain, temperature, touch

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11
Q

Occipital lobe:

A

posterior area of brain

visual interpretation

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12
Q

Temporal lobe:

A

inferior to frontal/parietal lobes

hearing and smell (olfactory)

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13
Q

Diencephalon includes:

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
limbic system

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14
Q

Brain stem includes:

A

mid brain
pons
medulla oblongata
reticular formation

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15
Q

Thalamus:

A

relays sensory information to cerebral cortex

relays motor information to the muscles

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16
Q

Hypothalamus:

A

integrates autonomic NS functions
regulation of body temperature, food intake, water balance, thirst.
links with endocrine system to help produce/release hormones

17
Q

Cerebellum:

A

balance
fine motor control
learned motor function

18
Q

Medulla oblongata:

A

controls heart rate, BP, breathing, swallowing

merges with spinal cord

19
Q

Pons:

A

controls rate/depth of breathing, sleep/arousal
afferent and efferent fibre tracts
anterior to medulla oblongata

20
Q

Midbrain:

A

controls visual pathways and eye movement

posterior aspect of brain stem

21
Q

Brain stem:

A

combination of midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

extension of spinal cord

22
Q

Reticular formation:

A

diffuse mass of gray matter, extending length of brain stem

involves motor control of internal organs, digestive organ activity and RAS (reticular activating system)

23
Q

Reticular activating system (RAS):

A

plays a role in conciousness, awake/sleep cycle

maintains cerebral cortex alertness

24
Q

Name the 3 meningeal layers:

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

25
Q

2 layers of dura mater:

A

periosteal and meningeal layers

26
Q

3 protections for the CNS:

A

meninges
cerebrospinal fluid
blood-brain barrier

27
Q

Subarachnoid space:

A

space between arachnoid mater and pia mater

filled with cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels

28
Q

Dura mater:

A

tough, double-layered membrane

composed of 2 fibrous connective tissue layers

29
Q

Meninges 3 functions:

A
  1. cover and protect CNS
  2. protect blood vessels
  3. contain cerebrospinal fluid
30
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid functions:

A
  1. reduce weight of brain by floating it - 1500g to 50g
  2. protects the brain from blows/injury
  3. removes waste from the CNS
  4. regulates chemicals and pH in CNS
31
Q

Subdural space:

A

separates dura mater and arachnoid mater

32
Q

Pia mater:

A

deepest layer of meninges

delicate connective tissue, clings tightly to brain

33
Q

Blood-brain barrier function:

A

regulates which chemicals are allowed to interact with nerve cells of CNS

34
Q

How does the blood-brain barrier protect neurons in the CNS?

A

forms a highly selective filter - least permeable capillaries in the body
only respiratory gases, fat soluble molecules and extremely small molecules can pass through from blood to neurons
regulates the type and amount of molecules

HAP1 Revision (13 decks)

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