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Gross Anatomy Unit 2 > 9: Posterior Neck > Flashcards

9: Posterior Neck Flashcards

1
Q

platysma m.

A
  • very superficial facial muscle - for frowning
  • Platysma means plate-like or flat
  • First muscle of facial expression that we’ve learned. Innervated by facial nerve VII.
  • Originates in subcutaneous tissue - Covers over pec major
  • Inserts into mandible and fascia of the cheek – tenses the fascia
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2
Q

plastysma innervated by

A

CN VII - facial

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3
Q

platysma origin

A

Origin - subcutaneous tissue over pectoralis major and deltoids

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4
Q

platysma insertion

A

Insertion - mandible and fascia of cheek

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5
Q

platysma action

A

Main action: draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it as in expressions of sadness and fright

platysma plays only a minor role in depressing the lip which is primarily performed by the depressor anguli oris and the depressor labii inferioris

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6
Q

posterior cervical triangle boundaries

A 
posteriorally = trapezius m.
anteriorally = SCM m.
inferiorally = clavicle
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7
Q

what separates the posterior cervical triangle from the anterior cervical triangle?

A

sternocleidomastoid m.

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8
Q

what is visible in the posterior cervical triangle from the skin? (superficial anatomy)

A

trapezius
external jugular vein
clavicular and sternal heads of SCM

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9
Q

superficial veins of the posterior cervical triangle

A

posterior auricular drains into external jugular vein
retromandibular posterior division drains into external jugular vein
anterior division goes to the facial vein
external jugular drains to subclavian vein which drains to the SVC

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10
Q

SCM actions

A

side flexion of the head to the same side

rotating the head to the opposite side

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11
Q

posterior auricular v. drains into the

A

external jugular v.

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12
Q

retromandibular posterior v. drains into the

A

external jugular v.

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13
Q

retromandibular anterior v. drains into the

A

facial v.

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14
Q

external jugular v. drains into the

A

subclavian v. which drains into the superior vena cava

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15
Q

posterior triangle borders

A

Anterior - Sternocleidomastoid m.
Posterior - Trapezius m.
Inferior - Clavicle

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16
Q

posterior cervical triangle subdivided into two triangles

A

Occipital - above the omohyoid

Supraclavicular - below the omohyoid

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17
Q

muscle that bisects the posterior cervical triangle

A

inferior belly of omohyoid m.

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18
Q

occipital triangle borders

A

Anterior: Sternocleidomastoid

Inferior: Inferior belly of the omohyoid

Posterior: Trapezius

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19
Q

contents of occipital triangle

A

Cutaneous nerves of cervical plexus:

Lesser occipital nerve, from C2-C3
Great Auricular nerve, from C2-3
Transverse cervical nerve, from C2-3
Lateral, intermediate and medial supraclavicular nerves, from C3-4

Spinal accessory (CN XI) nerve to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

Floor:

Splenius capitis, levator scapulae muscles
“Scalene muscles” (middle/posterior) when trapezius and SCM are removed

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20
Q

Cutaneous nerves of cervical plexus:

A

Lesser occipital nerve, from C2-C3
Great Auricular nerve, from C2-3
Transverse cervical nerve, from C2-3
Lateral, intermediate and medial supraclavicular nerves, from C3-4

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21
Q

nerves from C2-C3

A

lesser occipital
greater auricular
transverse cervical

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22
Q

nerves from C3-C4

A

lateral, intermediate, and medial supraclavicular nerves

23
Q

Spinal accessory (CN XI) nerve innervates

A

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles (motor only)

24
Q

floor of occipital triangle

A

Splenius capitis, levator scapulae muscles

“Scalene muscles”

25
Q

cervical plexus formed by

A

union of adjacent ventral rami of the first 4 cervical nerves

26
Q

cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus

A

Cutaneous (sensory) branches arise around the middle of the posterior border of SCM

Lesser occipital
Great auricular
Transverse cervical
Supraclavicular nn.
       (Lat, Med, Int.)
27
Q

most posterior cutaneous branch of cervical plexus

A

Lesser Occipital

28
Q

cutaneous n. anterior to the lesser occipital n.

A

great auricular n.

29
Q

wraps around anterior border of SCM

A

transverse cervical n.

30
Q

Great auricular nerve (GA) innervates

A

ascends vertically over the parotid gland where it divides and supplies the skin over the gland, the posterior aspect of the auricle

31
Q

Lesser Occipital nerve (LO): path and innervates

A

supplying the skin of the neck and scalp posterosuperior to the auricle (scalp above the ear)

32
Q

Transverse cervical nerve (TC): path and innervates

A

supplying the skin covering the anterior cervical region; passes from the posterior border of SCM; supplies sensory innervation to the skin in that area

33
Q

Supraclavicular nerves (SC): path and innervates

A

Emerge as a common trunk under the SCM and send small branches (Lateral LSC, Medial MSC, Intermediate ISC) to the skin of the neck and cross the clavicle to supply the skin over the shoulder

34
Q

cervical plexus nerve block

A

For surgical procedures in the neck region or upper limb, anesthetic is injected at several points along the posterior border of SCM, mainly at the Nerve point of the neck.

35
Q

spinal accessory path

A

Emerges from middle of posterior border of SCM, crosses occipital triangle and passes deep to the superior border of the trapezius to innervate it.

36
Q

occipital triangle muscles include

A 
(in order from posterior to anterior)
splenius capitus
levator scapulae
posterior scalene (2nd rib)
middle scalene (1st rib)
anterior scalene (1st rib)

borders: trapezius, SCM, omohyoid inferior belly

37
Q

which nerve courses over the anterior scalene m.?

A

phrenic n.

38
Q

location of the cervical plexus

A

deep to the SCM, except for the transverse cervical n. which travels on its surface

39
Q

cervical plexus formed by

A

union of adjacent ventral rami of the first 4 cervical nerves

40
Q

supraclavicular triangle borders

A

(the little triangle of the posterior triangle)

Anterior: Sternocleidomastoid

Superior: Inferior belly of the omohyoid

Inferior: Clavicle

41
Q

contents of supraclavicular triangle

A

(the little triangle on the posterior neck)

Phrenic nerve :C3,4,5

Brachial plexus (roots, trunks, and some branches)

Subclavian artery

Transverse cervical artery

Dorsal scapular artery

Suprascapular artery

Subclavian vein

42
Q

course behind (posterior to) the anterior scalene m.

A

Subclavian artery + brachial plexus

43
Q

courses over (anterior to) the anterior scalene m.

A

Subclavian vein

44
Q

roots of brachial plexus

A

Ventral rami of spinal n. C5-T1

45
Q

trunks of brachial plexus

A

Ventral rami C5&C6=upper trunk
Ventral rami C7=middle trunk
Ventral rami C8&T1=lower trunk

46
Q

to stop upper limb bleeding

A

press subclavian a. against the ribs

47
Q

anterior surface of scalene muscle

A 
Phrenic 
Transverse cervical
Suprascapular a
Subclavian v
\+ more, will see later (vagus)
48
Q

dorsal scapular a. a continuation of

A

the transverse cervical a.

49
Q

branches of subclavian artery

A 
Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical trunk:
Transverse cervical artery
Suprascapular artery
Ascending cervical artery
Inferior thyroid artery

Costocervical trunk:

  1. Deep cervical artery
  2. Supreme intercostal artery
50
Q

floor of supraclavicular triangle

A

middle and posterior scalene muscles

51
Q

dorsal scapular n. branches from

A

ramus of C5

52
Q

suprascapular n. branches from

A

upper trunk

53
Q

long thoracic comes from

A

rami of C5-C7

54
Q

boundaries of the anterior part of the neck

A

Superior: Body of mandible, mastoid process of temporal bone

Anterior: midline

Inferior: Clavicle, manubrium of sternum

Posterior: Trapezius m., anterior border

Gross Anatomy Unit 2 (11 decks)

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