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Gross Anatomy Unit 2 > 14: Cranial Cavity, Meninges, Brain > Flashcards

14: Cranial Cavity, Meninges, Brain Flashcards

1
Q

calvarium

A

the top part of the skull we cut off, composed of frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital bones (possibly)

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2
Q

dura mater of the brain

A

outermost, toughest layer
2 layers - 1 - PERIOSTIUM - outer layer continuous with periosteum of the skull
2 - MENINGEAL LAYER - inner layer continuous with the coverings of the spinal cord and cranial nerves

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3
Q

dura reflections

A

double layered invaginations of the meningeal layer of the dura into the cranial cavity: falx cerebri, tintorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, diaphragma sellae

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4
Q

falx cerebri

A

separates two lobes of cerebrum - travels the longitudinal fissure; attaches to crista galli in front and to the upper surface of the tintorium cerebelli in the back; contains superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

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5
Q

tintorium cerebelli

A

the horizontal plane of dura that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum; encloses transverse sinuses and superior petrosal sinuses

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6
Q

falx cerebelli

A

separates two lobes of cerebellum. attaches to tintorium cerebelli and the occipital bone.

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7
Q

diaphragma sellae

A

protects the pituitary gland; borders are dorsum sellae and tuberculum sellae; two small emanences on either side are middle clinoid processes; innervated by V1

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8
Q

dural venous sinuses

A

dural spaces filled with venous blood that drain to the internal jugular v.

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9
Q

sinuses that converge at the confluens

A 
superior sagittal sinus
straight sinus
transverse sinus
occipital sinus
 (TOSS)
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10
Q

blood supply to the dura

A

anterioraly: anterior meningeal a. (branch of anterior ethmoidal a.)
middle: middle meningeal and accessory meningeal aa. (branches of the maxillary a)
posteriorly: posterior meningeal aa. (various branches of the ascending pharyngeal, occipital, and vertebral aa.)
meningeal
emissary veins: pass directly through the skull

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11
Q

innervation of the dura

A

anteriorly: meningeal branches of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nn. (branches of V1)
middle: meningeal branches of V2 and V3 to the middle cranial fossa
posteriorly: posterior cranial fossa by branches from C1-2

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12
Q

arachnoid

A

thin, filamentous layer over the fluid filled subarachnoid space. Subarachnoid space is filled with CSF.

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13
Q

arachnoid granulations

A

projections of the arachnoid that resorb circulated CSF; found in extensions of the dural sinuses

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14
Q

makes CSF

A

choroid plexi

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15
Q

pia mater

A

delicate, most intimate covering of the brain that follows its gyri and sulci

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16
Q

anterior cranial fossa

A 
frontal bone (orbital plate)
ethmoid bone (cribiform plate and crista galli)
sphenoid bone (lesser wing)
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17
Q

cribiform plate of ethmoid bone transmits

A

CN 1
anterior meningeal a.
meningeal branches of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nn. (V1)

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18
Q

middle cranial fossa

A 
sphenoid bone (greater wing and body)
temporal bone (squamous and petrous portions)
optic canal
superior orbital fissure
foramen rotundum
foramen ovale
foramen spinosum
foramen lacerum
carotid canal
facial hiatus
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19
Q

optic canal transmits

A

CN II and opthalmic a.

located in sphenoid bone

20
Q

superior orbital fissure transmits

A

(between greater and lesser wings of sphenoid bone)

transmits CNS III, IV, V1 (opthalmic division of trigeminal), VI, and opthalmic vv.

21
Q

foramen rotundum transmits

A

(in greater wing of sphenoid)

transmits CN V2 (maxillary division of trigeminal)

22
Q

foramen ovale transmits

A

(in greater wing of sphenoid)
transmits CN V3 (mandibular division of trigeminal), accessory meningeal a., lesser petrosal n. (branch of CN IX glossopharyngeal n.)

23
Q

foramen spinosum transmits

A

(in greater wing of sphenoid)

transmits middle meningeal a.

24
Q

foramen lacerum transmits

A

(between sphenoid, petrous temporal, and occipital bones)

is CROSSED by the greater petrosal n. - closed in life by cartilage - doesn’t transmit anything!

25
Q

carotid canal

A

(in petrous portion of temporal bone)

transmits internal carotid a., carotid postganglionic sympathetic nerve plexus

26
Q

facial hiatus

A

(on petrous portion of temporal bone)

transmits greater petrosal n. (branch of CN VII facial)

27
Q

lesser petrosal n. courses through

A

an unnamed foramen!!
(a branch of CN IX glossopharyngeal)
courses lateral to the facial hiatus/greater petrosal n.

28
Q

posterior cranial fossa

A 
temporal bone (posterior portion of petrous temporal bone)
occipital bone
internal acoustic meatus
foramen magnum
jugular foramen
hypoglossal foramen
29
Q

internal acoustic meatus transmits

A 
CNs VII (facial) and VIII (vestibulocochlear)
(in petrous portion of temporal bone)
30
Q

foramen magnum transmits

A

(in occipital bone)
spinal cord
spinal contribution to CN XI spinal accessory n.
vertebral a.

31
Q

jugular foramen transmits

A 
(where the petrous portion of the temporal and the occipital bones meet)
CNs IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), and XI (spinal accessory)
drains blood from sigmoid and inferior petrosal dural sinuses into the jugular v.
32
Q

hypoglossal foramen transmits

A

(in occipital bone)

transmits CN XII (hypoglossal n.)

33
Q

vascular supply to the brain

A

two systems -
anterior - internal carotid a.
posterior - vertebral a.
**these networks anastomose to form the Circle of Willis

34
Q

internal carotid a. supplies

A

anterior and middle portions of the cerebrum

orbit

35
Q

vertebral a. path

A

arise from subclavian a. in root of neck
go through transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae 1-6 then continuing through the foramen magnum
supply blood to posterior cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem

36
Q

SCALP

A 
skin
connective tissue
aponeurosis
loose connective tissue
periosteum
37
Q

middle meningeal artery

A

branch of maxillary artery
passes through foramen spinosum
supplies blood to the dura mater

38
Q

blood supply to the dura

A

anterior meningeal a. (fr. anterior ethmoidal a.)
middle meningeal a. (fr. maxillary a.) - the big one, on our practice practical!
posterior meningeal a. (various)
accessory meningeal a. (fr. maxillary a.)

39
Q

sensory innervation to dura

A

meningeal branches of trigeminal n.

cervical nerves C1 & C2

40
Q

dural venous sinuses

A

between the two layers of dura mater; receive venous blood from internal and external veins of the brain and CSF from the subarachnoid space and drain into the internal jugular vein

41
Q

superficial cerebral veins drain into the

A

superior sagittal sinus

42
Q

deep cerebral veins drain into the

A

great cerebral vein of Galen —> then into the straight sinus

43
Q

pathway to internal jugular vein

A

confluens to transverse sinus to sigmoid sinus to internal jugular v.

44
Q

lots of structures through the cavernous sinus!

A 
internal carotid artery
CN III
CN IV
CN V 1
CN V 2
CN VI
45
Q

CSF produced in

A

choroid plexus

46
Q

CSF path

A

through ventricles to subarachnoid space to arachnoid granulations/villi (resorbed here!)

47
Q

venous lacunae

A

lateral extensions of the superior sagittal sinus that receive numerous arachnoid granulations

Gross Anatomy Unit 2 (11 decks)

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