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Gross Anatomy Unit 2 > 15: Ear > Flashcards

15: Ear Flashcards

1
Q

function of external ear

A

collection of sound waves

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2
Q

function of middle ear

A

translation of sound waves into mechanical energy (vibration of membranes and bones)

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3
Q

function of inner ear

A

translation of mechanical energy to electrical (neural) energy in the cochlea; also for balance in the vestibular apparatus

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4
Q

external ear parts

A

auricle, external auditory meatus, tympanic membrane

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5
Q

auricle blood supply

A

superficial temporal a.

posterior auricular a.

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6
Q

auricle innervations

A 
SENSORY: auriculotemporal V3
auricular branch of Vagus X
Facial
Great auricular
Lesser occipital

MOTOR: facial

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7
Q

tympanic membrane

A

separates the external auditory meatus from the middle ear - covered with skin externally and mucus internally

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8
Q

tympanic membrane blood supply

A

deep auricular (from maxillary a.) for external surface of membrane

anterior tympanic (from maxillary a.) for internal surface of membrane

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9
Q

roof of the middle ear

A

tegmen tympani - a thin plate of bone separating the middle ear from the middle cranial fossa

space beneath it is the epitympanic recess

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10
Q

floor of the middle ear

A

thin layer of bone separating the middle ear from the jugular foramen (posterior) and carotid canal (anterior)

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11
Q

posterior wall of the middle ear

A

aditus antrum - entrance to mastoid air cells
pyramid - entrance of the stapedius m. to insert on stapes
foramen for entrance of chorda tympani n.

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12
Q

innervates the stapedius m.

A

facial n.

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13
Q

aditus antrum

A

middle ear, entrance to the mastoid air cells (posterior “wall”)

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14
Q

anterior wall of the middle ear

A

tensor tympani m.
entrance of the pharyngo-tympanic tube
exit of the chorda tympani n.

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15
Q

innervates tensor tympani m.

A

V3 (trigeminal)

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16
Q

lateral wall of the middle ear

A

tympanic membrane

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17
Q

medial wall of the middle ear

A 
promontory
oval window
round window
facial nerve
lateral semicircular canal prominence
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18
Q

promontory

A

produced by the first basal turn of the cochlea; tympanic plexus of nerves on it

19
Q

oval window

A

membrane of the cochlea covered by the foot plate of the stapes

20
Q

round window

A

membrane the sound travels through after it has gone through the cochlea. next it heads through the eustachian/auditory tube

21
Q

lateral semicircular canal prominence

A

located in epitympanic recess

22
Q

contents of the middle ear

A 
malleus
incus
stapes
tensor tympani m.
stapedius m.
chroda tympani n.
23
Q

tensor tympani m.

A

inserts on malleus

innervated by trigeminal V3

24
Q

stapedius m.

A

inserts on stapes

innervated by facial VII

25
Q

pharyngo-tympanic tube (auditory tube)

A

cartilage + bone

equalizes air pressure on each side of the tympanic membrane

26
Q

mastoid air cells

A

accessed through the aditus antrum

increase the volume of the mastoid process without increasing its weight (??)

27
Q

inner ear

A

a series of canals with an auditory and a vestibular portion

between the internal auditory meatus and the middle ear

28
Q

auditory portion of inner ear

A

cochlea and modiolus

29
Q

cochlea

A

auditory part of inner ear; contain hair cells for transduction of vibration into neural electrical signals for hearing

30
Q

modiolus

A

central bony pillar of the cochlea; contains spiral canals for housing the spiral ganglion and passage of the cochlear n.

31
Q

vestibule

A

between the cochlea and the semicircular canals; contains saccule/utricle for transduction of linear motion into neural electrical signals

32
Q

3 semicircular canals

A

anterior, lateral, posterior: dilation called the ampulla; contain crista ampullaris for transduction of angular (rotational) motion into neural electrical signals (BALANCE)

33
Q

facial nerve VII is associated with

A 
internal auditory meatus
geniculate ganglion (cell bodies of SS and GSA fibers)
stylomastoid foramen (GSA - concha of pinna; SVE - muscles of facial expression)
branches of facial nerve near ear - greater petrosal (SS-taste, preganglionic parasympathetic GVE to pterygopalatine ganglion), stapedius
chorda tympani (SS taste; preganglionic parasympathetic (GVE) to submandibular ganglion
34
Q

branches of facial nerve that are SS - special sensory

A

geniculate ganglion
greater petrosal n. - concha of pinna and taste
chorda tympani - taste

35
Q

branches of facial nerve that are GSA - general sensory afferent

A

geniculate ganglion

stylomastoid of foramen - concha of pinna

36
Q

branches of facial nerve that are GVE - preganglionic parasympathetic

A

greater petrosal nerve to pterygopalatine ganglion

chroda tympani to submandibular ganglion

37
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve VIII innervates

A

internal auditory meatus
(SS - auditory from cochlea
SS - balance from vestibular apparatus)

38
Q

tympanic plexus

A

from CN 7, 9, and 10

39
Q

CN 9 from tympanic plexus

A

give rise to lesser petrosal n. which contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that pass through foramen ovale with V3 to synapse in the otic ganglion

40
Q

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers leave otic ganglion

A

and join the auriculotemporal nerve (of V3) for a bit and then hop off to innervate the parotid gland

41
Q

arterial supply to the ear

A

PA and ST

posterior auricular and superficial temporal

42
Q

sensory innervation to ear

A

top: auricular temporal from V3
middle: CN 7 and 10 (also 9)
bottom: lesser occipital and greater auricular from cervical plexus

43
Q

facial nerve VII has these branches/parts in the ear

A

greater petrosal
geniculate ganglion
nerve to stapedius muscle
chorda typmani

travels from stylomastoid foramen to internal acoustic meatus

Gross Anatomy Unit 2 (11 decks)

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