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Gross Anatomy Unit 2 > 10: Anterior Neck > Flashcards

10: Anterior Neck Flashcards

1
Q

separates post triangle from ant triangle

A

SCM

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2
Q

borders of anterior triangle

A

mandible, midline of neck, anterior border of SCM

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3
Q

4 triangles of the anterior triangle and what’s in them (general answer)

A

muscular (lots of muscles), carotid (carotid + internal jugular), submandibular (salivary gland), submental (mental means chin - region below chin)

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4
Q

muscular triangle borders

A

lateral/superior: superior belly of omohyoid
lateral/inferior: SCM
medial: midline

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5
Q

contents of muscular triangle

A

“strap muscles” - infrahyoid muscles
infra = below
below the hyoid bone

omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid

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6
Q

superficial strap muscles

A

omohyoid

sternohyoid

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7
Q

deep strap muscles

A

sternothyroid - attaches to thyroid cartilage

thyrohyoid

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8
Q

infrahyoid muscles action

A

depress hyoid and larynx during swallowing and speaking

stabilize tongue with the suprahyoid muscles to provide a stable base for the tongue

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9
Q

inervation to infrahyoid muscles

A

ansa cervicales of cerival plexus (C1-C3)

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10
Q

muscles of the muscular triangle are all innervated by the ___except for ____

A

ansa cervicales

thyrohyoid (the short one): C1 (piggybacks with hypoglossal nerve)

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11
Q

contents of the carotid sheath

A

common carotid artery - medial
internal jugular vein - lateral
vagus nerve - posterior
deep cervical lymph nodes

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12
Q

also associated with the carotid sheath

A

CN 9, 11, and 12 pierce the sheath at the top

ansa cervicales embedded in anterior wall

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13
Q

C1 fibers piggyback with and innervate

A

piggyback with hypoglossal nerve

innervate the thyrohyoid m.

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14
Q

“viscera” deep to the strap muscles

A 
from superior to inferior:
thyrohyoid membrane
thyroid cartilage (adam's apple)
cricothyroid membrane
cricoid cartilage
thyroid gland
trachea
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15
Q

vagus nerve: 3 branches to the larynx

A

recurrent laryngeal
external laryngeal
internal largyngeal

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16
Q

recurrent laryngeal n.

A

supplies all intrinsic muscles of the larynx EXCEPT for the cricothyroid muscle, which is innervated by the external laryngeal n.

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17
Q

external laryngeal n.

A

innervates the cricothyroid mucles

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18
Q

internal laryngeal n.

A

pierces thyrohyoid membrane with superior laryngeal artery (branch of external carotid a.)
THE ONE WE SAW ON THE PRACTICAL!

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19
Q

left recurrent laryngeal n. (review)

A

wraps around aorta/ligamentum arteriosum

20
Q

right recurrent laryngeal n.

A

wraps under the R subclavian a./common carotid a.

21
Q

carotid triangle borders

A

posterior belly of the digastric m.
superior belly of omohyoid m.
SCM

22
Q

carotid triangle contents

A

carotid sheath - cc, internal jugular, vagus
ansa cervicales - embedded in carotid sheath
hypoglossal nerve XII
branches of external carotid a.

23
Q

to find the hypoglossal nerve

A

look under the tendon of the digastric m.

24
Q

follow the hypoglossal nerve to find

A

the superior limb of ansa cervicales

25
Q

superior root of the ansa cervicales

A

the more medial part of the loop

26
Q

cervical plexus - sensory and motor components

A

cutaneous: GA, LO, TC (from C2-C3) and SC (from C3-C4)
motor: ansa cervicales - OH, ST, SH from C1-C3 and TH from C1 only

27
Q

branches of the external carotid a. in the carotid triangle

A

superior thyroid a. w superior laryngeal branch
ascending pharyngeal a.
lingual a.
facial a.
occipital a.
“posterior auricular a.” (out of triangle..)

28
Q

branches of external carotid a. NOT in the carotid triangle

A

maxillary a.

superficial temporal a.

29
Q

superior laryngeal artery travels with

A

the internal recurrent laryngeal n. and pierces through the thyrohyoid membrane

30
Q

carotid sinus

A

baroreceptor
bulge in the internal carotid a.
**innervated by CN 9

31
Q

cartotid body

A

chemoreceptor
small hard thing in the crotch of the common carotid a.
**innervated by CN 9

32
Q

what lies deep to the carotid sheath?

A

anterior scalene muscle
branches of cervical arteries
phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)
sympathetic trunk/middle cervical ganglion

33
Q

phrenic nerve is composed of fibers from

A

C3, C4, and C5

34
Q

sympathetic chain

A

starting from superior to inferior:

superior cervical ganglion - levels C1/C2 - LARGE

middle cervical ganglion - lies on the anterior aspect of the inferior thyroid artery, near the cricothyroid cartilage - ON PRACTICE PRACTICAL

cervicothoracic ganglion - aka stellate ganglion - posterior to the origin of the vertebral artery

35
Q

submandibular triangle borders

A

mandible
posterior digastric
anterior digastric

36
Q

submandibular triangle contents

A 
mylohyoid
stylohyoid
anterior and posterior bellies of digastric
facial artery and vein
mylohyoid nerve (trigeminal -5)
facial nerve (7)
hypoglossal (12)
submandibular salivary gland
37
Q

stylohyoid/posterior belly of digastric relationship

A

stylohyoid is supposed to run over/superficial to the digastric (but for some reason it’s different on ours)

38
Q

contraction of the suprahyoid muscles

A

opens the mouth (moves mandible down)

39
Q

raphe

A

center of the mylohyoid, where it inserts on itself

40
Q

different innervation of the submandibular triangle

A 
trigeminal nerve - mylohyoid nerve (5): ant. belly of digastric, mylohyoid
facial nerve (7): post. belly of digastric, stylohyoid
41
Q

digastric/stylohyoid actions

A

elevates hyoid in swallowing

opens mandible

42
Q

mylohyoid actions

A

tightens and elevates oral floor
draws hyoid forward in swallowing
opens mandible, side to side movement (mastication)

43
Q

facial artery/vein

A

vein runs superficial to the submandibular gland, artery runs deep to it

44
Q

submental artery

A

from the facial artery

supplies mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric

45
Q

submental triangle borders

A

an unpaired triangle
anterior bellies of digastric
hyoid bone

46
Q

submental triangle contents

A

mylohyoid (midline raphe)

small veins from anterior jugular v. (drain into external jugular v.)

Gross Anatomy Unit 2 (11 decks)

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