11: Cervical Viscera and Root of the Neck Flashcards
root of the neck borders
top - manubrium
front - first rib
back - T1
how to divide the subclavian artery
part 1 - medial to anterior scalene m.
part 2 - behind anterior scalene m.
part 3 - after anterior scalene m. to first rib
part 1 of subclavian a.
vertebral a.
internal thoracic a.
TCT - thyrocervical trunk: inferior thyroid with ascending cervical a., transverse cervical (*DS), suprascapular
vertebral a. details
heads up in to the brain (circle of willis) via the foramen magnum
travels via transverse foramina of C1-6
internal thoracic artery details
passes down into the thoracic cavity, lines the inside of the ribs
suprascapular artery
from the TCT
supplies muscles on the posterior scapula
transverse cervical artery
from TCT
*DS can branch
supplies muscles of posterior triangle and trapezius
inferior thyroid artery
from TCT
supplies thyroid
ascending cervical artery
branches from inferior thyroid (from TCT)
supplies lateral muscles of the upper neck
branches of 2nd part of subclavian a.
CCT - costocervical trunk
superior intercostal
deep cervical
superior intercostal a.
supplies first two intercostal spaces
deep cervical a.
supplies posterior deep cervical muscles
branches of 3rd part of subclavian a.
dorsal scapular a, sometimes
supplies levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles
blood supply to thyroid
inferior thyroid a. - from TCT (runs behind carotid sheath)
superior thyroid a. - first branch of external carotid
brachiocephalic vein
internal jugular + subclavian v
referred to as “venous angle” - where lymph is returned to the venous system
veinous drainage of the root of the neck
brachiocephalic internal jugular anterior jugular subclavian thyroid veins
thyroid veins
superior - to internal jugular v.
middle - to internal jugular v.
inferior - to brachiocephalic v.
two pairs of arteries, three pairs of veins to the thyroid.
thyroid gland
two lobes, isthmus in middle
sometimes pyramidal lobe leftover - remnant of thyroglossal duct
origin: foramen cecum in tongue
sits on top of the trachea
parathyroid glands
4 little hard knots on the posterior side of the thyroid, exterior to the fibrous thyroid capsule
parthyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels
thoracic duct
delivers lymph into the venous system at the left venous angle (union of internal jugular and subclavian v); drains 3/4 of the body’s lymph
right lymphatic duct
drains right half of head, right half of torso, and right arm
nerves of the root of the neck
phrenic, vagus (recurrent laryngeal), brachial plexus, sympathetic trunks
cervical sympathetic ganglia location
lies on the anterior scalene muscle
cervical sympathetic trunk locations
lie on prevertebral muscles
superior - C2, lateral to vagus
middle - C6, near inferior thyroid artery
stellate - C7, behind subclavian a. near vertebral a.
periarterial plexi
sympathetic trunk running with the carotid and vertebral arteries
vagus also runs with them
structures that are anterior to the anterior scalene m.
subclavian v.
suprascapular, transverse cervical, ascending cervical aa. (maybe inferior thyroid a. too??)
phrenic n.
structures that are posterior to the anterior scalene m.
i.e. in interscalene triangle
ventral rami of brachial plexus
subclavian a.
costocervical branch of subclavian a.
divisions of subclavian artery relative to anterior scalene m.
1st - medial
2nd - posterior
3rd - lateral
