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AHNNA > 9. Oral Cavity, Tongue And Pharynx > Flashcards

9. Oral Cavity, Tongue And Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Look at lectures for anatomy

A

Pls

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2
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

4 paired muscles - longitudinal, transverse, vertical

Motor innervation from hypoglossal nerve

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3
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A 
Arise form other structures and insert into tongue
Genioglossus (hypoglossal nerve)
Hyoglossus (hypoglossal nerve)
Styloglossus (hypoglossal nerve)
Palatoglossus (vagus nerve)
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4
Q

What is the sensory of the tongue divided into?

A

Anterior 2/3 - sensation (Vc), taste (facial)

Posterior 1/3 - sensation and taste (glossopharyngeal)

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5
Q

Describe the submandibular salivary glands

A

Produces 60% of saliva, located in submandibular triangle, exits at Wharton ducts under tongue

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6
Q

What are the borders of the submandibular triangle?

A

Mandible
Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Posterior belly of digastric muscle

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7
Q

Describe the parotid salivary glands

A

Lies posterior to masseter and inferior to zygomatic arch, anterior to sternocleidomastoid
Duct opens through Stensen duct

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8
Q

Describe the sublingual salivary glands

A

Only produce 3-5% saliva

8-20 excretory ducts per gland

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9
Q

What are sialolithiasis?

A

Salivary gland stones
Most located in submandibular glands
Most less than 1cm diameter

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of salivary gland stones?

A

Pain in gland
Swelling
Infection
Eating stimulates symptoms

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11
Q

How do you diagnose salivary gland stones?

A

History
X-ray
Sialogram

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of tonsillitis?

A 
Fever
Sore throat
Pain/difficulty swallowing
Swollen cervical lymph nodes
Bad breath
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13
Q

If tonsillitis is bacterial, what organism is usually responsible?

A

Strep pyogenes

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of peritonsillar abscess?

A 
Severe throat pain
Fever
Drooling
Difficulty opening mouth
Can follow on from an untreated or partially treated tonsillitis
Deviated uvula
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15
Q

What are the boundaries of the nasopharynx?

A

Base of skull to upper border of soft palate
Posterior - C1, C2
Anterior - nasal cavity

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16
Q

What does the nasopharynx contain?

A

Pharyngeal tonsil

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17
Q

What happens if the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) enlarges?

A 
Blocks Eustachian tube - recurrent middle ear infections
Snoring/sleep apnoea
Sleeping with mouth open
Chronic sinusitis
Nasal tone to voice
18
Q

What are the boundaries of the oropharynx?

A

Soft palate to epiglottis
Anterior - oral cavity
Posterior - C2, C3

19
Q

What does the oropharynx contain?

A

Palatine tonsils

20
Q

What are the boundaries of the laryngopharynx?

A

Oropharynx to oesophagus
Epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
Anterior - larynx
Posterior - C4, C5, C6

21
Q

What does the laryngopharynx contain?

A

Piriform fossa

22
Q

What are the 3 longitudinal muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx during swallowing?

A

Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

23
Q

Where does the stylopharyngeus originate and insert?

A

Originates from styloid process

Inserts onto posterior border of thyroid cartilage

24
Q

What is the innervation of the stylopharyngeus?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

25
Q

Where does the palatopharyngeus originate and insert?

A

Originates - hard palate

Inserts - posterior border of thyroid cartilage

26
Q

What is the innervation of the palatopharyngeus?

A

Pharyngeal branch of vagus

27
Q

Where does the salpingopharyngeus originate and insert?

A

Originates - cartilaginous part of Eustachian tube

Inserts - merges with palatopharyngeus

28
Q

What is the innervation of the salpingopharyngeus?

A

Pharyngeal branch of vagus

29
Q

What are the pharyngeal constrictors?

A

3 circular muscles that constrict walls of pharynx when swallowing
Superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
All insert onto pharyngeal raphe

30
Q

What is the innervation of the pharyngeal constrictors?

A

Vagus

31
Q

What is a pharyngeal pouch?

A

A posteromedial false diverticulum

Arises in weakness between 2 parts o inferior constrictor - killian’s dehiscence

32
Q

What is a pharyngeal pouch usually due to?

A

Failure of UOS to relax

Abnormal timing of swallowing

33
Q

What is the motor innervation of the pharynx?

A

CNX except stylopharyngeus which is CNIX

34
Q

What is the sensory innervation to the nasopharynx?

A

CNVb

35
Q

What is the sensory innervation to the oropharynx?

A

CNIX

36
Q

What is the sensory innervation to the laryngopharynx?

A

CNX

37
Q

Give a summary of the oral phase of swallowing

A

Voluntary
Preparatory phase - making bolus
Transit phase - bolus compressed against palate, pushed into oropharynx by tongue and soft palate
CNXII

38
Q

Give a summary of pharyngeal phase of swallowing

A 
Involuntary 
Tongue positioned against hard palate
Soft palate elevates
Suprahyoid and longitudinal muscles shorten
Epiglottis closes over larynx
Bolus moves though pharynx
Relaxation of UOS
39
Q

Give a summary of the oesophageal phase of swallowing

A

Involuntary
Upper striated muscle of oesophagus and lower smooth muscle contract to move bolus down
LOS relaxes

40
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of dysphagia?

A 
Coughing and choking
Sialorroea (drooling)
Recurrent pneumonia
Change in voice/speech
Nasal regurgitation
41
Q

What problems can be caused with IX or X injuries?

A 
Absent gag
Uvula deviated away from lesion
Dysphagia
Taste impairment (posterior tongue)
Loss fo sensation of oropharynx
42
Q

What can happen with CNXII nerve problems?

A

Wanted tongue
Stick tongue out - tongue may deviate
Fasciculations

AHNNA (18 decks)

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