3. Introduction To Neuroanatomy

Question 1

What forms the forebrain?

Answer 1

Cerebrum and diencephalon

Question 2

What does the diancephalon consist of?

Answer 2

Thalamus (2)

Hypothalamus

Question 3

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?

Answer 3

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

Question 4

What is grey matter full of?

Answer 4

Cell bodies

Question 5

What is the cortex?

Answer 5

Surface of each hemisphere, formed by grey matter

Question 6

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 6

Packed full of neurone axons

Allowing communication between hemispheres

Question 7

What covers the surface of the ventricle?

Answer 7

Septum pellucidum

Question 8

What is the function of the midbrain?

Answer 8

Cranial nerve nuclei,

• important for purposes of coordinating eye movement and control of eye movement
• responsible for coordinating all reflexes of our pupils in response to light

Question 9

Function of pons

Answer 9

Feeding

Controlling sleep

Question 10

Function of medulla

Answer 10

Cardiovascular respiratory centres

Question 11

What are the 4 pairs of lobes in the brain?

Answer 11

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

Question 12

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 12

Voluntary motor control
Speech production
Social behaviour
Impulse control
Higher cognition

Question 13

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 13

Somatosensory perception

Spatial awareness

Question 14

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 14

Language
Emotion
Long-term memory
Sense of smell
Heading
Taste

Question 15

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 15

Visual perception

Question 16

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 16

Coordination and motor learning

Question 17

Where is the primary motor cortex found?

Answer 17

Gyrus just before the central sulcus

Question 18

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex found?

Answer 18

Gyrus just after the central sulcus

Question 19

How is the primary motor cortex connected to the spinal nerves controlling the limbs?

Answer 19

Travels down through brain on same side as motor cortex into the brainstem
Decussate (cross) to opposite side at level of the lower medulla
Cortical control of limb movement is from one primary motor cortex, which is contralateral

Question 20

Describe the pathway connecting primary motor cortex with cranial nerds controlling the muscles of the face/neck

Answer 20

Decussate (Cross) to opposite side at level of the nuclei onto which they communicate
Cortical control of muscles is from one primary motor cortex, which is contralateral
But, most cranial nerves also have cortical input from ipsilateral cortex