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AHNNA > 2. Skull Osteology > Flashcards

2. Skull Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bowl shaped depressions on the cranial floor?

A

Anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa

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2
Q

What is the anterior cranial fossa formed from?

A

Frontal bone (most of fossa)
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone

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3
Q

What makes up the middle cranial fossa?

A

Sphenoid bone

Temporal bone

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4
Q

What makes up the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Temporal bone

Occipital bone

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5
Q

What is found in the petrous part of the temporal bone?

A

Cochlea
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Posterior semicircular canal
Anterior semicircular canal

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6
Q

What is a linear fracture?

A

Fairly straight, involve not bone displacement

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7
Q

What is a comminuted fracture?

A

Multiple fracture lines

Fragments may or may not displace inwards towards the brain (depressed vs non-depressed)

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8
Q

Where is the weakest part of the skull bone?

A

Pterion

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9
Q

What blood vessel runs directly underneath the Pterion?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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10
Q

What are basilar skull fractures?

A

Fracture involving bone(s) of cranial floor

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11
Q

What are the signs of a middle cranial fossa basilar fracture?

A

Blood and cerebrospinal fluid coming out of ear
Bruising behind ear (Battle’s sign)
Blood pooling in middle ear cavity

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12
Q

What are the signs of an anterior cranial fossa basilar fracture?

A

Clear fluid dripping from nose

Periorbital ecchymosis

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13
Q

How many bones are in the skull?

A

22

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14
Q

What can the neurocranium be further split up into?

A

Calvaria (vault)
Cranial floor
Cranial cavity

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15
Q

What bones form the calvaria?

A 
Frontal bone
Parietal bones
Greater wing of sphenoid bone
Temporal bone
Occipital bones
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16
Q

What are the joints in the calvaria?

A

Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Lambdoid suture
Bregma (where coronal and sagittal sutures meet)
Lambda (where sagittal and lambdoid sutures meet)

17
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

Large areas of unossified membranous gaps between flat Bon of calvaria in the infant skull

18
Q

What do fontanelles allow for?

A

Alteration of skull size and shape during childbirth

Permit growth of infant brain

19
Q

When do fontanelles fuse?

A

Anterior - 18months to 2 years

Posterior - 1-3 months

20
Q

What is early fusion of fontanelles and sutures called?

A

Craniosynostosis

21
Q

What are the layers of the bones of the calvaria?

A 
Compact bone (outer table)
Diploe (spongy bone)
Compact bone (inner table)
22
Q

What is the benefit of tri-laminar arrangement in bones of calvaria?

A

Confers protective strength without adding significant weight

23
Q

What are the bones of the viscerocranium?

A 
Zygomatic 
Maxilla
Nasal
Lacrimal
Mandible
24
Q

What are the most common fractures in the face?

A

Nasal bones
Zygomatic bone and arch
Mandible

25
Q

What kind of joint is the temporomandibular joint?

A

Synovial hinge-type joint divided into two synovial cavities by fibrocartilaginous disc

26
Q

What are the conditions of the temporomandibular joint?

A

TMJ disorder (pain, clicking, locking)
Dislocation
Arthritis

27
Q

What is the temporomandibular joint innervated by?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve (branch of mandibular division of trigeminal)

28
Q

What is the TMJ stabilised by?

A

Joint capsule

Series of 3 extracapsular ligaments

29
Q

What are the movements of mandible at TMJ?

A 
Elevation
Depression
Protrusion
Retraction
Grinding
30
Q

What muscles are involved in the elevation of mandible at TMJ?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid

31
Q

What muscles are involved in the depression of the mandible at TMJ?

A

Lateral pterygoid

Gravity

32
Q

What muscles are involved in depression of mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoid

Medial pterygoid

33
Q

What muscles are involved in retraction of mandible at TMJ?

A

Posterior fibres of temporalis

34
Q

How does dislocation of TMJ occur?

A

Facial trauma

Yawning

35
Q

What happens when the TMJ is dislocated?

A

Jaw locks as joint files in open position due to anterior dislocation of condylar over articular tubercle
Contraction of muscles around joint (muscles of mastication) keep joint locked in anterior displacement

AHNNA (18 decks)

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