2. Blood Vessels Of The Head And Neck Flashcards
Which blood vessel overlies the SCM?
External jugular vein
What branches of right subclavian artery?
Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical artery
Inferior thyroid artery
What is the carotid sinus?
Where baroreceptors sit, common carotid bifurcates
What is the importance of atherosclerosis in the bifurcation of the common carotid artery?
Common site of atherosclerosis Causes artery to narrow Plaque rupture can release an embolus which can travel to the brain Can cause stroke or TIA Can cause transient loss of vision
What is a carotid sinus massage used for?
Pressure at site of carotid bodies
Increased baroreceptors activity feedback to heart to slow down
What is the route of the internal carotid arteries?
Give off no branches in neck
Enters base of skull via carotid canal and supplies intracranial structures
What is the route of the vertebral arteries?
Arise from left and right subclavian arteries
Ascend up cervical vertebrae through transverse foramina
Enter base of skull via the foramen magnum
Where is the carotid canal found?
Within petrous part of temporal bpmen
What passes through the cavernous sinus?
Internal carotid artery CN III (oculomotor) CN IV (trochlear) CN VI (abducens) 2 branches of CN V (trigeminal - ophthalmic and maxillary)
What are the important branches of the ophthalmic artery?
Central retinal artery
Supra-orbital artery
Supratrochlear artery
What are the branches of the external carotid artery?
Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior auricular Maxillary Superficial temporal
What are the symptoms of temporal arteritis?
Frequent severe headaches
Scalp tenderness particularly over temple
Jaw pain while eating/talking
Loss of vision/visual changes
What are the layers of the scalp?
Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose areolar tissue Periosteum
Why does the scalp bleed so much?
Artery walls held open by connective tissue and so can’t constrict
Lost of anastomoses
Lacerations deep enough to involve epicardial aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis can pull cuts open
What are the superficial arteries of the face?
Supra orbital Supratrochlear Facial Superior and inferior labial Maxillary Lateral nasal Angular Transverse facial
What are the key branches of the maxillary artery?
Middle meningeal artery
Sphenopalatine artery
What is the path of the middle meningeal artery?
Enters skull via foramen spinosum
Splits into anterior and posterior middle meningeal artery
Anterior passes under area of skull called Pterion
How is the scalp drained of blood?
Drain into areas containing venous blood called dural venous sinus
Scalp drains via emissary veins through the skull into dural venous sinuses
What veins are involved in the venous drainage of the face?
Supra orbital Supratrochlear Angular Facial Common facial Internal jugular
Which veins drain into the cavernous sinus?
Superior ophthalmic vein
Inferior ophthalmic vein
What drains into the pterygoid venous plexus?
Deep facial vein
Cavernous sinus
What do the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses drain into?
Transverse sinus into the sigmoid sinus, exits through jugular foramen, forms internal jugular vein
Which internal jugular vein is used to measure jugular venous pressure and why?
Right as it drains directly into right atrium
