9 Ocular Pharmacology

Question 1

drugs used to cause mydriasis

Answer 1

adrenergic agonist(a1AR) - phenylephrine

cholinergic antagonist(M3) - tropicamide, atropine, cyclopentolate, homatropine, scopolamine

Question 2

drugs used to lower IOP(glaucoma)

Answer 2

b-antagonists;

• timolol(b1/2ARs)

a-agonists:

• brimonidine(a2)
• apraclonidine(a2)

cholinergic agonists

• pilocarpine
• carbamylcholine

also: prostaglandin analogues, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, osmotic agents

Question 3

steps of diagnosing horner’s syndrome

Answer 3

1. narrow down the eyeball
   
   1. which pupil does not correct properly?
2. cocaine drops
   
   1. if horners, no dilation occurs
3. narrow down which nerve - hydroxyamphetamine
   
   1. if 3rd nerve is working, should dilate
   2. if affected eye failes to dilate, likely 1/2 order neuron
4. get chest x-ray; might be a tumor!

Question 4

medications that can precipitate an attack of acute angle glaucoma?!

Answer 4

medications causing pupillary dilation

anti-cholinergic side effects