9 - Milestones, screening and vaccinations Flashcards
What is involved in childhood screening?
- check milestones
- check vaccination
- deliver health promotion
- target supervision and interventions
What is assessed at school and nursery entry?
- personal, social and emotional development
- physical development
- communication skills
- hearing and vision assessment
What are the milestones for 1 month?
- able to raise head when on tummy
- pays attention to face in direct vision
- moves arms and legs
- likes to be held and rocked
What are the milestones for 2 months?
- smiles
- coos
- rolls part way to side when on back
- grunts
What are the milestones for 3 months?
- eyes follow moving object
- able to support own head
- grasps object placed in hand
- babbles
What are the milestones for 4 months?
- holds rattle for extended period
- laughs
- sits supported for short periods
- recognises bottle and familiar faces
What are the milestones for 5 months?
- reaches for and holds objects
- stands firmly when held
- stretches arms to be picked up
- likes peek-a-boo (has learned permanence)
What are the milestones for 6 months?
- turns from back to front
- turns toward sound
- sits with little support
- reaches for objects out of reach
- listens to own voice
- squeals
- grasps objects and brings to mouth (teething)
- hold, sucks and bites
What are the milestones for 7 months?
- transfer object between hands
- sit for a few minutes unsupported
- recognises image in mirror
- creeps (pulling body with arms and leg kicks)
- shy with strangers
What are the milestones for 8 months?
- sit unsupported for 5 mins
- crawls
- grasps objects between thumb and first two fingers
- likes to be near parent
What are the milestones for 9 months?
- says mama or dada
- responds to name
- stand for short time
- hit objects together
- copies sounds
What are the milestones for 10 months?
- able to pull self up
- drink supported from cup
What are the milestones for 11 months?
- walk holding furniture (cruising)
- find object placed under another
What are the milestones for 1 year?
- waves bye
- walk with one hand held
- says two words
- some solid food
- finger feeds self
- likes audience
What are the milestones for 15 months?
- walks by self
- shows desires by pointing
- scribbles on paper
- begins using spoon
- cooperates with dressing
What are the milestones for 18 months?
- build tower of 3 blocks
- climbs
- takes things apart
- 6 words
- tries to put on shoes
- drinks from cup held in both hands
- likes to help parent
What are the milestones for 2 years?
- able to run
- walks up stairs with alternative feet
- 50 words
- 2 word sentences
- points to object in book
What are the milestones for 3 years?
- repeat 2 numbers
- knows own gender
- dresses self (except buttons)
- copy drawing circle
- understands stand on/off
- knows parts of body
- jumps
- build tower of 9 blocks
What are the milestones for 4 years?
- repeat 6 word sentence
- wash face and hands unaided
- copy drawing cross
- stand on one foot
- catch ball
What are the milestones for 5 years?
- follow 3 commands
- copy drawing square
- skipping
Why are childhood vaccinations important?
- prevention infectious disease
- reduced or eliminate infectious disease in community though herd immunity
What vaccines are part of the UK childhood vaccination protocol?
- diphtheria
- tetanus
- HIB
- typhoid
- polio
- BCG (if living with grandparents who have travelled from high TB risk country)
- pertussis
- rotavirus
- MMR
- pneumococcal
- meningitis B and C
- flu
Why might parents refuse childhood vaccinations?
- religious or philosophical grounds
- prevent “assault” on child
- feel that benefits don’t outweigh risks
What should you if a parent is refusing vaccination for their child?
Discuss with health visitor as may be sign of neglect/should be discussed with parent as child may be at risk of many infectious diseases
