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BDS3 DISEASES OF HUMAN SYSTEMS > 13 - Dermatology 2: Inflammatory and immunological skin disease > Flashcards

13 - Dermatology 2: Inflammatory and immunological skin disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of inflammatory skin disease?

A
  • eczema
  • occupational dermatitis
  • psoriasis
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2
Q

What is eczema?

A
  • inflammation of the skin that presents with itchiness, dryness and becomes flaky
  • can occasionally weep
  • two common types atopic and contact
  • affects flexor surfaces and trunk primarily
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3
Q

What are common sites of eczema?

A
  • face
  • neck
  • elbows
  • wrists
  • groin
  • knees
  • ankles
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4
Q

What is atopic eczema?

A
  • most common
  • develops in childhood and usually improves with age
  • FH
  • associated with other atopic conditions (ie hayfever and asthma)
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5
Q

What are the other types of eczema?

A
  • atopic
  • contact
  • seborrhoeic
  • discoid
  • gravitational
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6
Q

What is contact eczema?

A
  • occurs when there is contact with an allergen
  • most likely onset during adulthood
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7
Q

What is seborrhoeic eczema?

A
  • scalp and eye lashes
  • appears as severe form of dandruff
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8
Q

What is discoid eczema?

A

Appears as circular patches on body

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9
Q

What is gravitational eczema?

A

Related to poor circulation in legs

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10
Q

How do you manage eczema?

A
  • cotton clothing (breathable)
  • emollients (prevent drying of irritated skin, traps moisture in skin after bathing)
  • soap substitutes
  • corticosteroids (topical, acute management of inflammation)
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11
Q

What is occupational dermatitis?

A
  • also known as contact dermatitis
  • reaction to environmental agent
  • present with rash, can blister or come out in hives
  • presents either immediately or within 72 hours
  • intense itch
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12
Q

What is the management of occupational dermatitis?

A
  • remove source (can be identified using spot test )
  • topical steroid can treat acute symptoms
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13
Q

What is psoriasis?

A
  • inflammatory skin disease of unknown origin
  • dysregulated epidermal proliferation, new cells are produced quicker than old cells lost
  • results in surface build up and thickening
  • typically affects extensor surfaces of limbs and trunk
  • can be associated with severe arthritis (psoriatic arthropathy)
  • presents with red scaly patches that itch
  • FH
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14
Q

How do you manage psoriasis?

A

Topical
- emollients
- topical steroids
- tar (like soap bar)
- dithranol cream
- vitamin A derivatives
- PUVA (UV activated topical drug)

Systemic
- drugs that reduce turnover (methotrexate, cyclosporin, infliximab)

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15
Q

What are examples of immunological skin diseases?

A
  • pemphigoid
  • pemphigus
  • epidermolysis bullosa
  • lichen planus
  • scleroderma
  • dermatomyositis
  • raynauds
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16
Q

What is immunological skin disease?

A
  • auto-antibody attack on skin components causing loss of cell-cell adhesion
  • split forms within skin which fills with inflammatory exudate and forms vesicle or blister
17
Q

What is pemphigoid?

A
  • blistering condition
  • sub-epithelial antibody attack
  • thick walled blister (epidermis is intact) filled with clear liquid or blood
  • different presentations include bullous, mucous membrane and cicatrital
18
Q

How does pemphigoid affect the mouth?

A
  • mucous membrane pemphigoid is most communion the mouth
  • scarring can result
19
Q

How do you manage pemphigoid?

A

Manage with immunosuppressants (either steroids or steroid-sparing drugs eg methotrexate)

20
Q

What is pemphigus?

A
  • auto-antibody attack on epidermis
  • affects mucosa and skin, commonly seen first in the mouth
  • presents with blisters and surface is easily lost
  • fatal if left untreated or associated with complications of treatment
21
Q

What is epidermolysis bullosa?

A
  • group of genetic conditions
  • some mild conditions appear later in life
  • some incompatible with life, stillborn or death shortly after birth
22
Q

What are the different types of epidermolysis bullosa?

A
  • EB simplex
  • junctional EB
  • dystrophic EB
  • EB acquisita
23
Q

What problems are associated with epidemolysis bullosa?

A
  • infection
  • fluid loss
  • scarring
24
Q

How do you manage epidermolysis bullosa?

A
  • no cure
  • treatment is based on relieving symptoms

BDS3 DISEASES OF HUMAN SYSTEMS (16 decks)

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