Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS3 DISEASES OF HUMAN SYSTEMS > 12 - Dermatology 1: Skin infections > Flashcards

12 - Dermatology 1: Skin infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • hypodermis (SC fat)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the skin?

A
  • provide anatomical barrier
  • main method of heat regulation
  • sensory input
  • storage for lipids and water
  • drug absorption
  • waste excretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are commensal flora?

A
  • normal colonisation that prevent pathogens in healthy hosts
  • mainly bacteria and fungi on skin (staphylococci and candida)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is oily skin?

A
  • increased secretion form sebaceous glands
  • more bacterial colonisation
  • skin becomes heavier and thicker
  • more risk of pore blockage = more spots
  • less likely to wrinkle and age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a comedone?

A
  • blackhead
  • build up of keratin and sebum
  • blocked pores oxidise which gives black appearance
  • is a feature of acne vulgaris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are examples of bacterial infections of the skin?

A
  • furuncles
  • carbuncles
  • acne
  • erysipelas
  • impetigo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are furuncles?

A
  • infection of skin that presents with pockets filled with pus
  • caused by s aureus
  • red, painful and swollen
  • should be drained, do not require antibiotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are carbuncles?

A

Furuncles that are grouped together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is folliculitis?

A

Furuncle in a hair follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is acne?

A

Lesions arising from
- comedones
- papules
- pustules
- nodules
- inflammatory cysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who is most affected by acne?

A

Teenagers aged 13-18 (80% experience)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the causes of acne?

A
  • follicular sensitivity to testosterone (increases during puberty)
  • propionibacterium acnes overgrows and leads to infection
  • scars can form if cysts rupture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What makes acne worse?

A
  • contraceptive pills (containing progesterone)
  • greasy skin cleansers
  • systemic steroids
  • anticonvulsant drugs
  • squeezing spots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is used as local management of acne?

A
  • reduce excess skin oil (gentle soap cleansers)
  • antibacterial agents (benzoyl peroxide, retinoids, antibiotic lotions)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is sued as systemic management of acne?

A
  • antibiotics (tetracycline based)
  • retinoids (isotretinion)
  • hormone manipulation (anti-androgens)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is erysipelas?

A
  • presents with defined raised order, may blister and peel
  • systemic symptoms include fever and shivering
  • caused by streptococcus pyogenes
  • can progress to necrotising fasciitis or septic shock
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you manage erysipelas?

A

Systemic antibiotics (oral or IV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is impetigo?

A
  • highly infectious skin disease caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria
  • presents with crusty red blister appearance
  • associated with eczema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do you manage impetigo?

A
  • topical antibiotics (sometimes systemic)
  • antibiotic choice is based on culture
20
Q

What are examples of viral skin infections?

A
  • HSV
  • shingles
  • molluscum contagiosum
  • warts
  • measles
  • rubella
  • fifth disease
  • roseola
  • hand, foot and mouth
  • HIV
  • kaposi’s sarcoma
21
Q

What are the different types of herpes virus infections?

A
  • HSV (perioral or genital)
  • shingles (herpes zoster)
  • roseola (HHV6)
  • kaposi’s sarcoma (HHV8)
22
Q

What is a HSV infection?

A
  • affects single dermatome
  • activated by trauma (physical, chemical, light, being run down)
  • perioral or genital
  • present as blister
23
Q

How do you treat HSV infection?

A

Acyclovir

24
Q

What is shingles?

A
  • caused by herpes zoster virus (can be recurrent)
  • affects single dermatome
  • causes significant pain (neural inflammation)
  • pain can persist after rash is gone (post herpetic neuralgia)
25
Q

How do you treat shingles?

A

High does acyclovir

26
Q

What is mollucsum contagiosum?

A
  • caused by a pox virus (MCV)
  • presents with clusters of small papules in warm, moist areas, 1-6mm in size
  • resolve spontaneously in 1-2 years
  • usually found in children and infants or adults with HIV
27
Q

What are warts?

A
  • usually caused by HPV types 1-3
  • spread by contact
  • if immunocompetent then most resolve spontaneously
28
Q

How do you treat warts?

A
  • excision
  • cryosurgery
  • keratolysis
29
Q

What are examples of fungal skin infections?

A
  • athlete’s foot
  • nail infections
  • ringworn
  • intertrigo
  • pityriasis versicolor
30
Q

What is athlete’s foot?

A
  • mix of fungal and bacterial infection
  • common between toes or in groin
  • present with scaling and sogginess of skin
  • can be prevented by keeping skin dry, clean and damage free
31
Q

How do you treat athlete’s foot?

A

Antifungal or antibacterial cream (eg miconazole)

32
Q

What is onycholysis?

A
  • nail bed fungal infection
  • commonly caused by tinea unguium
  • presents with nail bed becoming malformed, thick and crumbly
  • can be seen with athlete’s foot
33
Q

How do you treat onycholysis?

A
  • excise damaged nail
  • systemic antifungals
34
Q

What is ringworm?

A
  • if found on the groin caused by tinea cruris (spread from foot)
  • if found on the body caused by tinea corporis (caught from infected animals)
  • if found on scalp caused by tinea capitis (leads to hair loss, mainly young children)
35
Q

How do you treat ringworm?

A

Antifungal cream or shampoo (if scalp affected)

36
Q

What is intertrigo?

A
  • fungal infection due to chafing in moist body folds (under breasts, armpits, inner thighs)
  • presents with redness of skin
37
Q

How do you treat intertrigo?

A

Topical antifungal cream (clotrimzole or miconazole)

38
Q

What is pityriasis versicolor?

A
  • caused by pityrosporum orbiculare (usually harmless commensal, involved in cradle cap)
  • presents with patchy skin pigmentation (pale red or brown)
39
Q

How do you treat pityriasis versicolor?

A
  • topical antifungal (ketoconazole as wash or shampoo)
  • systemic antifungal (itraconazole)
40
Q

What are examples of skin infestations?

A
  • scabies
  • lice
41
Q

What are scabies?

A
  • infection by the scabies mite
  • contracted by skin-to-skin contact
  • mites borrow into skin between fingers and on wrists
  • presents with red “burrows” on skin, itch and rash that can appear on trunk and legs
  • can develop into secondary impetigo
42
Q

How do you treat scabies?

A
  • topical chemical insecticides (eg benzyl benzoate, permethrin)
  • applied to whole body below chin
  • all close contacts should be treated even if asymptomatic
43
Q

What are lice?

A
  • 3 types (head, pubic, body)
  • transmitted by close contact or shared items
44
Q

What is the treatment for head lice?

A
  • most commonly affect children and spread to rest of family
  • hair should be combed with fine toothed comb
45
Q

What is the treatment for body lice?

A
  • personal and clothing hygiene (hot water washing and drying)
  • topical chemical insecticides (permethrin)

BDS3 DISEASES OF HUMAN SYSTEMS (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions