Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS3 DISEASES OF HUMAN SYSTEMS > 16 - Common eye problems > Flashcards

16 - Common eye problems Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the retina?

A
  • macula
  • choroid
  • Bruch’s membrane
  • sclera
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the macula?

A
  • 5mm diameter
  • centre of macula is called the fovea
  • densely packed with cones and rods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the choroid?

A
  • layer of tissue behind retina
  • contains blood vessels which oxygenate and bring nutrients to the retina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Bruch’s membrane?

A

Think membrane which forms barrier between choroid and retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the sclera?

A

Outer thick white layer of eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are common eye diseases?

A
  • cataract
  • glaucoma
  • ARMD
  • diabetes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the different types of cataracts?

A
  • age related
  • congenital
  • toxic/drug related
  • traumatic
  • systemic disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the treatment options for cataracts?

A
  • none
  • surgery (phaecoemulsification, intraocular lens implant)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does cataract affect vision?

A

Begins with blurring that progressively gets worse until blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is glaucoma?

A
  • most common preventable cause of blindness
  • raised intra-ocular pressure
  • results in optic neuropathy and visual field defects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe a mild glaucoma attack.

A
  • pain in eyes
  • haloes around lights
  • symptoms are relieved by sleeping
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe a severe glaucoma attack.

A
  • rapid deterioration of vision
  • intense eye pain
  • redness and watering of eye
  • sensitivity to bright light
  • haloes around lights
  • nausea and vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the treatment options for glaucoma?

A
  • eye drops to reduce flow of fluid (beta blockers)
  • laser or surgery to increase draining of fluid (trabeculectomy)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is ARMD?

A
  • age related macular degeneration
  • caused by build up of cellular waste under retina
  • affects the central vision (blurring)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the different types of ARMD?

A
  • Drusen type
  • atrophy (dry)
  • neovascularisation (wet)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe atrophic ARMD.

A
  • most common form of ARMD
  • eyes are dry
  • atrophy of photoreceptors at macula
  • no treatment available
17
Q

Describe neovascularisation ARMD.

A
  • atrophic ARMD accompanied by leakage of blood and fluid at macula
  • more rapidly progressing
  • laser treatment is occasionally effective
  • causes visual distortion
18
Q

What are the treatment options for ARMD?

A
  • none is possible sometimes
  • dietary supplements
  • activated laser phototherapy
  • intravitreal injections (anti-VEGF drugs injected into clear gel that makes up eye volume)
19
Q

What is involved in diabetic eye disease?

A
  • cataract
  • glycemic vessel damage
  • leakage, microanneurysms, haemorrhage
  • ischaemia
  • neovascularisation
20
Q

What is retinal ischaemia?

A
  • close of retinal capillaries
  • most pronounced in the periphery
21
Q

What is neovascularisation?

A

Retinal damage due to leakage of weak blood vessels

22
Q

How does diabetic eye disease affect vision?

A

Black/blurry patches in vision

23
Q

How is diabetic retinopathy prevented?

A

All diabetes require an eye exam annually

24
Q

How is diabetic eye disease managed?

A
  • improving diabetic control (glycaemia, blood pressure and cholesterol)
  • laser
  • vitrectomy (replacement of vitreous)
25
Q

What are common causes of eye redness?

A
  • sticky = bacterial conjunctivitis
  • itchy = allergic conjunctivitis
26
Q

What are causes of acute, painful vision loss?

A
  • keratitis
  • uveitis
  • acute angel closure glaucoma
  • optic neuritis
  • endophthalmitis
27
Q

What are causes of acute, painless vision loss?

A
  • retinal artery or vein occlusion
  • ischaemic optic neuropathy
  • vitreous haemorrhage
  • retinal detachment
28
Q

What is retinal detachment?

A

Retinal tear causes retina to detach from sclera

29
Q

What are causes of chronic, painless vision loss?

A
  • cataract
  • refractive error
  • open angel glaucoma
  • ARMD
  • diabetic retinopathy

BDS3 DISEASES OF HUMAN SYSTEMS (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions