8 - Pregnancy and perinatal health Flashcards
1
Q
What can affect fertility?
A
- age
- smoking
- BMI
- exercise
- drugs
- folate
- alcohol
2
Q
What occurs during the first trimester?
A
Tissue differentiation
3
Q
What occurs during the second trimester?
A
Tissue specialisation
4
Q
What occurs during the third trimester?
A
Growth
5
Q
What are the different maternal changes that occur during pregnancy?
A
- physical
- hormonal
- haematological
- cardiovascular
- coagulation
6
Q
What is the average weight gain for the mother during pregnancy?
A
11-16kg
7
Q
What hormonal changes occur during pregnancy?
A
- increased oestrogen and progesterone (increased water retention, increased blood volume)
- hormonal changes reduce insulin sensitivity which leads to pregnancy diabetes
8
Q
What haematological changes occur during pregnancy?
A
- increased production of RC, WC and platelets
- 20% increase in RC mass
- Hb appears low due to dilation bay increased blood plasma volume
9
Q
What cardiovascular changes occur during pregnancy?
A
- relaxation of vascular smooth muscle (reduced peripheral resistance, reduced blood pressure = heart rate increases)
- vena cava and aorta compressed by uterus
- difficulty with venous return when supine, turn on side when in dental chair
10
Q
What coagulation changes occur during pregnancy?
A
- clotting factor production increased
- fibrinolysis increased
- increased system sensitivity = DVT risk
11
Q
What should pregnant women avoid eating?
A
- raw/slightly cooked fish and meat (infection)
- raw eggs (salmonella)
- non pasteurised milk and cheese (listeria)
- spicy, grilled and fired food (reflux)
- tuna and shark (mercury)
12
Q
When does development begin?
A
- week 4
- zygote becomes embryo
13
Q
When does embryonic circulation begin?
A
Week 6
14
Q
When does an embryo become a foetus?
A
10 weeks
15
Q
What is developing at week 14?
A
- hair
- nails
- eyelids
