9. Legitimatie van actoren uit de private veiligheidssector

Question 1

PMSCs

Answer 1

Private Military and Security Companies

Question 2

privatization of security

Answer 2

governments outsourcing of military and police-related functions to private military and security companies; mercenaries and foreign fighters; arms proliferation among the general population; gated communities and private police forces; militia, vigilante, and gang activities

Question 3

Private Military and Security Companies

Answer 3

nationally and transnationally operating companies providing police and military-related security services ranging from people and compound protection to reconnaissance, training, emergency rescue, logistics and combat

Question 4

foreign fighters

Answer 4

fight in another country for ideological / religious / kinship reasons

Question 5

mercenaries

Answer 5

historical and politically loaded term

individuals joining military or rebel groups in another country for monetary reasons

Question 6

PSCs

Answer 6

providers of passive / defensive services

Question 7

PMCs

Answer 7

providers of offensive services

Question 8

Tip of the Spear model

Answer 8

frontline order

1. military provider firm = implementation / commando
2. military consultant firm = advisory & training
3. military support firm = non-lethal aid assistance

Question 9

PMSCs –> Heterogeneous and in transparent industry

Answer 9

range from fly-by-night companies to multinational (stock market) operations

Question 10

PMSCs –> Diverse clientele

Answer 10

governments and aimed forces / companies / non-governmental organizations / individuals. USA single biggest consumer

Question 11

PMSCs –> hugely growing industry

Answer 11

20 million private security workers worldwide

Question 12

permissive conditions PMSCs

Answer 12

end of cold war and unemployed soldiers

shrinking defence budget

neo-liberal climate / general privatisation

war on terror / increasing number of out of area missions

recruitment crisis of western forces

regulatory frameworks, PMSCs exist in a grey zone, therefore more justifiable if you contract them

refugee crisis / corona pandemic

Question 13

functional explanations PMSCs

Answer 13

effectiveness and efficiency of PMSCs (in terms of costs and delivery of contracts)

force multiplier of armed forces. Allows state militaries to concentrate on core tasks

Question 14

identify politics explanations PMSCs

Answer 14

PMSCs themselves actively contribute to and normalization of privatization of security