9: Intelligence Flashcards
Individual Differences Approach
The assessment and evaluation of individual psychological abilities
Psychometrics
The science of measuring mental capacities and processes
Biometrics
The application of statistics to biological phenomena
Factor Analysis
A statistical technique that explains a large number of correlations in terms of a small number of underlying factors
Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence
Spearman’s theory suggesting that every task requires a combination of a general ability (g) and skill that are specific to the task (s) and shared with no other
Ratio IQ
A statistic obtained by dividing a person’s mental age by the person’s physical age and then multiplying the quotient by 100
Deviation IQ
A statistic obtained by dividing a person’s test score by the average test score of people in the same age group and then multiplying the quotient by 100
Epidemiology
The scientific examination of factors that contribute to disease
Fluid Intelligence
The biologically limited capacity for processing information
Crystallised Intelligence
The accuracy and amount of information available for processing
Tacit Knowledge
The information that people have about specific, everyday life situations
Prodigy
A person of normal intelligence who has an extraordinary ability
Savant
A person of low intelligence who has an extraordinary ability
Intelligence
A hypothetical mental ability that enables people to direct their thinking, adapt to their circumstances and learn from their experiences
Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
The ability to empathise and evaluate others’ emotions
Creativity
The ability to generate ideas or alternatives that may be useful in solving problems, communicating and entertaining ourselves
Wisdom
An expert knowledge system concerning the fundamental pragmatics of life
Identical/monozygotic Twins
Twins who develop from the splitting of a single egg that was fertilised by a single sperm
Fraternal/dizygotic Twins
Twins who develop from two different eggs that were fertilised by two different sperm
Heritability Coefficient
A statistic (commonly denoted as h^2) that describes the proportion of the difference between people’s scores that can be explained by differences in their genetic makeup
Shared Environment
Those environmental factors that are experiences by all relevant members of a household
Nonshared Environment
Those environmental factors that are not experience by all relevant members of a household
SES
Socioeconomic status is used to describe social standing, often measured in terms of education, income and occupation
