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Psychology > 15: Social Groups > Flashcards

15: Social Groups Flashcards

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1
Q

Group

A

A collection of two or more people who believe they have something in common

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2
Q

Need to Belong

A

A universal and innate tendency for humans to form and maintain stable, strong and positive relationships with others

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3
Q

Entitativity

A

The extent to which a group of individuals are perceived to be cohesive, interconnected, similar, interactive and sharing common goals

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4
Q

Discrimination

A

Positive or negative behaviour towards another person based on their group membership

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5
Q

In-Group

A

A human category of which a person is a member

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6
Q

Out-Group

A

A human category of which a person is not a member

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7
Q

Individualistic

A

Where success and responsibility are focused on individual achievement

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8
Q

Collectivistic

A

Where success and responsibility are seen as a reflection of group effort

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9
Q

Categorisation

A

The process by which people identify a stimulus as a member of a class of related stimuli

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10
Q

Stereotyping

A

The process by which people draw inferences about others based on their knowledge of the categories to which others belong

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11
Q

Perceptual Confirmation

A

The tendency for observers to perceive what they expect to perceive

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12
Q

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A

A phenomenon whereby observers bring about what they expect to perceive

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13
Q

Prejudice

A

A negative evaluation of, and attitude towards, individuals based on negative group stereotypes

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14
Q

Social Dominance Orientation

A

A preference for hierarchical relations between groups, with one’s own group being the most dominant

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15
Q

Social Facilitation

A

Improved individual performance in the company of others

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16
Q

Social Inhibition

A

Where the presence of others inhibits or impairs performance

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17
Q

Spotlight Effect

A

People’s overestimation of the amount of attention others are paying to them

18
Q

Dominant Response

A

The thing you are most inclined to do

19
Q

Evaluation Apprehension

A

Performance is affected by how people think they are being judged

20
Q

Social Loafing

A

People expend less effort when working in a group than when working alone

21
Q

Emergent Property

A

Patterns that only arise out of the interaction of many elements

22
Q

Antinormative Behaviour

A

Activities that are transgressions of general social norms

23
Q

Deindividuation

A

A perceived loss of individual identity accompanied by diminished self-regulation

24
Q

Groupthink

A

People set aside individual opinions and doubts in favour of achieving a group consensus

25
Q

Group Polarisation

A

Attitudes and decisions tend to become more extreme than those held and made by individuals

26
Q

Social Influence

A

The control of one person’s behaviour by another

27
Q

Norms

A

Customary standards for behaviour that are widely shared by members of a culture

28
Q

Normative Influence

A

One person’s behaviour is influenced by another person’s behaviour because the latter provides information about what is appropriate

29
Q

Norm of Reciprocity

A

The unwritten rule that people should benefit those who have benefited them

30
Q

Door-In-The-Face Technique

A

A strategy that uses reciprocating concessions to influence behaviour

31
Q

Informational Influence

A

A person’s behaviour is influenced by another person’s behaviour because the latter provides information about what is good or true

32
Q

Conformity

A

The tenancy to do what others do simple because others are doing it

33
Q

Obedience

A

The tendency to do what authorities tell us to do simply because they tell us to do it

34
Q

Attitude

A

A positive or negative evaluation of an object or event

35
Q

Belief

A

An assumed knowledge about an object or event that is not proven

36
Q

Persuasion

A

A person’s attitudes or beliefs are influenced by a communication from another person

37
Q

Systematic Persuasion

A

A change in attitudes or beliefs brought about by appeals to reason

38
Q

Heuristic Persuasion

A

A change in attitudes or beliefs brought about by appeals to habit or emotion

39
Q

Foot-In-The-Door Technique

A

A strategy that uses a person’s desire for consistency to influence that person’s behaviour

40
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

An unpleasant state that arises when a person recognises the inconsistency of their actions, attitudes or beliefs

Psychology (8 decks)

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