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Psychology > 14: Social Relationships > Flashcards

14: Social Relationships Flashcards

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1
Q

Aggression

A

Behaviour whose purpose is to harm another

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2
Q

Catharsis

A

Purging or releasing pent-up emotions through activities that redirect the focus onto other sources

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3
Q

Frustration-Aggression Principle

A

A principle stating that people aggress when their goals are thwarted

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4
Q

Eugenics

A

Selective breeding in humans to increase the prevalence of desired characteristics in the population

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5
Q

Culture of Honour

A

Aggression linked to one’s reputation for toughness, machismo and willingness to avenge a wrong or an insult

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6
Q

Cooperation

A

Behaviour by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit

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7
Q

Public Goods Dilemma

A

A situation where individuals are better of if they do not contribute but the group as a whole is worse off

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8
Q

Lies

A

Deliberate attempts to generate a false belief to manipulate situations

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9
Q

Self-Deception

A

A capacity to convince ourselves that a falsehood is true

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10
Q

Bystander Effect

A

When numerous people fail to help strangers in an emergency situation

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11
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

Individuals feel diminished responsibility for their actions because they are surrounded by others who are acting in the same way

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12
Q

Pluralistic Ignorance

A

Where people fail to accurately evaluate others’ behaviour

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13
Q

Kin Selection

A

The process by which evolution selects for genes that cause individuals to provide benefits to their relatives

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14
Q

Reciprocal Altruism

A

Behaviour that benefits another with the expectation that those benefits will be returned in the future

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15
Q

Identifiable Victim Effect (IVE)

A

The tendency to offer greater assistance to an individual rather than a group

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16
Q

Machiavellianism

A

A personality trait of willingness to exploit and manipulate others

17
Q

Empathic Concern

A

The disposition to take the perspective of others and resonate with their emotions

18
Q

Extensivity

A

The obligation individuals feel towards others beyond their immediate friends and family

19
Q

Just World Hypothesis

A

The belief that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

20
Q

Attribution

A

An inference about the cause of a person’s behaviour

21
Q

Correspondence Bias

A

The tendency to make a dispositional attribution even when a person’s behaviour was caused by the situation

22
Q

Actor-Observer Effect

A

The tendency to make situational attributions for our own behaviours while making dispositional attributions for the identical behaviour of others

23
Q

Nonverbal Communication

A

The sending and receiving of thoughts and feelings without using language

24
Q

Interpersonal Space

A

Preferred distance maintained by individuals

25
Q

Chameleon Effect

A

The mimicking of postures, expressions, gestures and patterns of behaviour such as speech or moods

26
Q

Emotional Contagion

A

The tendency to automatically mimic and synchronise expressions, vocalisations, postures and movements with those of another person and, consequently, to converge emotionally

27
Q

Thin Slicing

A

Our capacity to accurately interpret social behaviour from brief observations of behaviour

28
Q

Mere Exposure Effect

A

The tendency for liking to increase with the frequency of exposure

29
Q

Concordance Rates

A

Degree of statistical similarity based on co-occurence

30
Q

Passionate Love

A

An experience involving feelings of euphoria, intimacy and intense sexual attraction

31
Q

Companionate Love

A

An experience involving affection, trust and concern for a partner’s wellbeing

32
Q

Social Exchange

A

The hypothesis that people remain in relationships only as long as they perceived a favourable ratio of costs to benefits

33
Q

Comparison Level

A

The cost-benefit ratio that people believe they deserve or could attain in another relationship

34
Q

Equity

A

A state of affairs in which the cost-benefit ratios of two partners are roughly equal

35
Q

Ostracism

A

Active rejection by other group members

Psychology (8 decks)

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