9. Functional Organisation Of The NS Flashcards
What is the role of the sympathetic NS?
What is the role of the parasympathetic NS?
Prepare the body for fight or flight
Prepare the body for rest and digest
Where is Broca’s area located?
What is its function?
Left hemisphere, lateral side of the frontal lobe, just above temporal lobe
Production of speech
Where is Wernicke’s area located?
What is its function?
Spans the parietal and temporal lobes.
Understand speech
What is the function of the prefrontal cortex?
Problem solving, complex planning
Personality, executive function
What is the main function of the parietal lobe?
Processing of sensory info. Contains primary somatosensory cortex (S1)
What is responsible for the integration of sensory info?
What else does it do?
Posterior parietal cortex. Also spatial perception and attention, and cognitive functions
Why is the primary visual cortex also known as the striate cortex?
Has 6 myelinated/unmyelinated layers giving a striped appearance
What are two important roles of the temporal lobe?
Long term memory formation
Visual perception and recognition
What is Brodmann’s cytoarchitectural map?
A map showing each region of the cortex and its function. Highlights the complexity and range of functions
How many cranial nerves are there?
What do they innervate?
12 pairs arising from the base of the brain
Innervate the head, including special sense organs such as optic nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve
Which is the only cranial nerve which leaves the head?
The vagus nerve, innervates upper body
What is a dermatome?
Which nerve is the only one without a dermatome?
An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve.
C1 does not have a dermatome
What is housed in the dorsal root ganglion?
The cell body of the afferent sensory fibre
What does the muscle spindle detect in the knee jerk reflex?
The stretch of the muscle caused by tapping the patellar tendon
Where is the alpha motor neuron found?
The motor neurone in the knee jerk reflex
What is reciprocal innervation?
Where is this common?
Polysynaptic arc, when the effector muscle contracts, the antagonistic muscle relaxes.
Found in reflex arcs
How does the flexion withdrawal reflex use reciprocal inhibition?
One motor neuron synapses with an excitatory interneuron, causing contraction of that effector. The other motor neuron synapses with an inhibitory interneuron, causing the relaxation of that effector.
What are the differences between a closed and open loop reflex arc?
Closed loop plays a role in controlling physiological variables. Use a feedback system to act on stimulus.
Open loop is a protective reflex, the feedback from the stimulus has no effect on the stimulus (external stimulus).
What is the crossed extensor reflex?
When the other side of the body must act to assist during the reflex. The sensory info crosses spinal cord via interneurons to innervate the other side of the body.
What do visceral efferent nerves innervate?
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
What is the structure of the somatic ANS neurone?
What is the structure of the autonomic ANS neurone?
Somatic has one efferent neuron from CNS -> skeletal muscle. Use ACh
Autonomic has two neuron chain which synapse in an autonomic ganglion. Use ACh or NE
