16. Anatomy Of The CVS Flashcards
Where does the apex of the heart lie?
At the 5th intercostal space
What is contained within the mediastinum?
Heart Great Vessels Thymus Oesophagus Trachea
What are the anterior landmarks of the heart?
Coronary sulcus (divides atria and ventricles), anterior interventricular sulcus (divides ventricles), auricles
What are the posterior landmarks of the heart?
Coronary sulcus (contains coronary sinus), posterior interventricular sulcus
Describe the layers of the pericardium
Fibrous outer layer, continuous with diaphragm
Serous, parietal, visceral, pericardial cavity between
Describe the layers of the heart wall
Outer epicardium - part of visceral serous pericardium
Middle myocardium - cardiac muscle
Inner endocardium - continuous with endothelium of great vessels
Describe the atrioventricular valves
Between atria and ventricles
Right is TRIcuspid (RT)
Left is BIcuspid (mitral) (LB)
Describe the semilunar valves
Contain 3 semilunar cusps
At origin of emerging arteries (pulmonary and aorta)
What is the function of the chordae tendinae?
Pull valve cusps to open/close valves
What is the function of the trabeculae carneae?
Gives the inner heart wall bumpy to avoid suction of the walls
What is the structure of the aortic arch?
Contains brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries. Brachiocephalic branches to R subclavian and R common carotid
Where does the coronary circulation receive blood from?
The coronary sinus which lies just before the aorta
Which hormone is responsible for the production of blood?
Where does this hormone originate?
Erythropoietin
Originates in kidney
What are the two classes of WBC?
Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils)
Agranulocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes)
