9: Drinking Alcohol Responsibly and Ending Tobacco Use

Question 1

addictive drug produced by fermentation that is the intoxicating substance in alcoholic beverages

Answer 1

ethyl alcohol (ethanol)

Question 2

the process in which yeast organisms break down plant sugars to yield ethanol

Answer 2

fermentation

Question 3

the process in which alcohol vapors are condensed and mixed with water to make hard liquor

Answer 3

distillation

Question 4

the measure of the percentage of alcohol in a beverage, and therefore its strength - equal to double the percentage of alcohol in the drink

Answer 4

proof

Question 5

a drink that contains about 14 grams of pure alcohol - a 12 oz can of beer, a 1.5 oz shot of vodka

Answer 5

standard drink

Question 6

ratio of alcohol to total blood volume - factor used to measure the physiological and behavioral effects of alcohol

Answer 6

blood alcohol concentration (BAC)

Question 7

the ability of heavy drinkers to modify their behavior so that they appear to be sober even when they have high BAC levels

Answer 7

learned behavioral tolerance

Question 8

loss of water from body tissues

Answer 8

dehydration

Question 9

physiological reactions to excessive drinking, often experienced the morning after - headache, upset stomach, anxiety, depression, diarrhea, thirst

Answer 9

hangover

Question 10

forms of alcohol that are metabolized more slowly than ethanol and produce toxic byproducts

Answer 10

congeners

Question 11

potentially lethal BAC that inhibits the brain’s ability to control consciousness, respiration, and heart rate - usually results from drinking a large amount of alcohol in a short period of time

Answer 11

alcohol poisoning (acute alcohol intoxication)

Question 12

the last stage of liver disease associated with chronic heavy use of alcohol, during which liver cells die and damage becomes permanent

Answer 12

cirrhosis

Question 13

a condition resulting from prolonged use of alcohol, in which the liver is inflamed - can be fatal

Answer 13

alcoholic hepatitis

Question 14

a birth defect involving physical and mental impairment that results from the mother’s alcohol consumption during pregnancy

Answer 14

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Question 15

pattern of drinking alcohol that brings BAC to 0.08 gram-percent or above - consuming 5+ (male) or 4+ (female) drinks within 2 hours

Answer 15

binge drinking

Question 16

drinking heavily at home before going out to an event or other location (party, sporting event)

Answer 16

pregaming

Question 17

a colloquial term to describe the combination of disordered eating and excessive physical activity to aid in alcohol consumption

Answer 17

drunkorexia

Question 18

combination of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence - at least two or more alcohol-related issues are present (engaging in risky behaviors, problems at work/school, relationship issues)

Answer 18

alcohol use disorder

Question 19

a state of confusion, delusions, and agitation brought on by withdrawal from alcohol

Answer 19

delirium tremens (DTs)

Question 20

an organization whose goal is to help alcoholics stop drinking

Answer 20

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)

Question 21

primary stimulant chemical in tobacco products - highly addictive

Answer 21

nicotine

Question 22

symptoms often experienced by beginning smokers - dizziness, diarrhea, light-headedness, rapid and erratic pulse, clammy skin, nausea, vomiting

Answer 22

nicotine poisoning

Question 23

thick, brownish sludge condensed from particular matter in smoked tobacco

Answer 23

tar

Question 24

a gas found in tobacco smoke that reduces the ability of blood to carry oxygen

Answer 24

carbon monoxide

Question 25

hand-rolled flavored cigarettes

Answer 25

bidis

Question 26

a stringy form of tobacco that is placed in the mouth and then sucked or chewed

Answer 26

chewing tobacco

Question 27

placing a small amount of chewing tobacco between the lower lip and teeth for rapid nicotine absorption

Answer 27

dipping

Question 28

a powdered form of tobacco that is sniffed and absorbed through the mucous membrane in the nose or placed inside the cheek and sucked

Answer 28

snuff

Question 29

a condition characterized by leathery white patches inside the mouth - produced by contact with irritants in tobacco juice

Answer 29

leukoplakia

Question 30

sticking together of red blood cells associated with blood clots

Answer 30

platelet adhesiveness

Question 31

chronic lung disease in which the tiny air sacs in the lungs are destroyed, making breathing difficult

Answer 31

emphysema

Question 32

smoke from tobacco products, including secondhand and mainstream smoke

Answer 32

environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)

Question 33

smoke that is drawn through tobacco while inhaling

Answer 33

mainstream smoke

Question 34

smoke from the burning end of a cigarette/cigar/pipe or exhaled by smokers (secondhand smoke)

Answer 34

sidestream smoke

Question 35

symptoms including nausea, headaches, irritability, and intense tobacco cravings suffered by nicotine-addicted individuals who stop using tobacco

Answer 35

nicotine withdrawal