8: Recognizing and Avoiding Addiction and Drug Abuse Flashcards
continued involvement with a substance or activity despite ongoing negative consequences
addiction
adaptive state of brain and body processes that occurs with regular addictive behavior and results in withdrawal if the addictive behavior stops
physiological dependence
a phenomenon in which progressively larger doses of a drug or more intense involvement in a behavior are needed to produce the desired effects
tolerance
a series of temporary physical and psychological symptoms that occur when an addict abruptly abstains from an addictive chemical or behavior
withdrawal
dependency of the mind on a substance or behavior, which can lead to psychological withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, or cravings
psychological dependence
preoccupation with a behavior and an overwhelming need to perform it
compulsion
excessive preoccupation with an addictive substance or behavior
obsession
inability to predict reliably whether a particular instance of involvement with an addictive substance or behavior will be healthy or damaging
loss of control
physical damage, legal trouble, financial ruin, academic failure, family dissolution, and other severe problems that do not occur with healthy involvement in any behavior
negative consequences
inability to perceive or accurately interpret the self-destructive effects of an addiction
denial
failure to avoid drug use over a sustained period of time
inability to abstain
self-defeating relationship pattern in which a person helps or encourages addictive behavior in another
codependence
a person who knowingly or unknowingly protects an addict from the consequences of the addict’s behavior
enabler
a condition in which a person is dependent on some mood-altering behavior, such as gambling, spending, or exercising
process addiction
a preoccupation with shopping and spending accompanied by little control over the impulse to buy
compulsive buying disorder
a person who works out on a rigid schedule to the point of physical pain or damage, focusing on weight loss and skipping other activities to work out
exercise addiction
compulsive use of the computer, PDA, cell phone, or other form of technology to access the internet for activities such as email, games, shopping, social media
internet addiction
compulsive use of work and the work persona to fulfill needs for intimacy, power, and success
work addiction
compulsive involvement in sexual activity
sexual addiction
non-nutritional, non-food substances that are intended to affect the structure or function of the mind or body through chemical action
drugs
a chemical that relays messages between nerve cells or from nerve cells to other body cells
neurotransmitter
drugs that affect brain chemistry and have the potential to alter mood or behavior
psychoactive drugs
intake of drugs through the mouth
oral ingestion
introduction of drugs into the body through the respiratory tract (lungs)
inhalation
introduction of drugs into the body via a hypodermic needle
injection
introduction of drugs into the body through the skin
transdermal
mixtures of drugs and a waxy medium designed to melt at body temperature after being inserted into the anus or vagina
suppositories
use of multiple medications, vitamins, recreational drugs, or illicit drugs simultaneously
polydrug use
interaction of two or more drugs that produces more profound effects than would be expected if the drugs were taken separately - AKA potentiation
synergism
a type of interaction in which two or more drugs work at the same receptor site so that one blocks the action of the other
antagonism
a drug interaction in which the effects of one drug are eliminated or reduced by the presence of another drug at the same receptor site
inhibition
a type of interaction in which two or more drugs produce extremely uncomfortable reactions when combined
intolerance
development of a tolerance to one drug that reduces the effects of another, similar drug
cross-tolerance
use of a drug for a purpose for which it was not intended
drug misuse
excessive use of a drug
drug abuse
a drug that increases activity of the central nervous system - increased activity, anxiety, agitation
stimulant
a large and varied group of synthetic agents that stimulate the central nervous system
amphetamines
a stimulant drug that is legal in the United States and found in many coffees, teas, chocolates, energy drinks, and certain medications
caffeine
psychoactive stimulant made from chopped leaves and flowers of Cannabis indica or Cannabis sativa plants (hemp)
marijuana
chemical name for the active ingredient in marijuana
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
drugs that slow down the activity of the central nervous and muscular systems and cause sleepiness or drowsiness
depressants
a class of central nervous system depressant drugs with sedative, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant effects (tranquilizers)
benzodiazepines
drugs that depress the central nervous system, have sedative and hypnotic effects, are less safe than benzodiazepines
barbiturates
drugs that induce sleep, relieve pain, and produce euphoria - AKA narcotics
opioids
parent drug of opioids, made from the seedpod resin of the ___ poppy
opium
opioid-like hormones that are manufactured in the human body and contribute to natural feelings of well-being
endorphins
substances capable of creating auditory or visual distortions and unusual changes in mood, thoughts, and feelings
hallucinogens
synthetic analogs that produce effects similar to those of existing drugs
club drugs
chemical vapors that are sniffed or inhaled to produce highs
inhalants
artificial forms of the hormone testosterone that promote muscle growth and strength
anabolic steroids
substances that are believed to enhance athletic performance
ergogenic drugs
the process, involving abstinence, of freeing a drug user from an intoxicating or addictive substance in the body or from dependence on such a substance
detoxification
