1: Accessing Your Health

Question 1

proportion of deaths to population

Answer 1

mortality

Question 2

expected number of years of life remaining at a given age

Answer 2

life expectancy

Question 3

illness that typically begins slowly, progresses, and persists - symptoms can be treated but not cured by medication

Answer 3

chronic disease

Question 4

expected number of years of full health remaining at a given age

Answer 4

healthy life expectancy

Question 5

assessment of impact of health status (physical, mental, emotional, social) on overall quality of life

Answer 5

health-related quality of life (HRQoL)

Question 6

assessment of the positive aspects of a person’s life (positive emotions, life satisfaction)

Answer 6

well-being

Question 7

ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in physical, social, emotional, mental, spiritual, and environmental dimensions

Answer 7

health

Question 8

view of health in which health status focuses primarily on the individual and a biological or diseased organ perspective

Answer 8

medical model

Question 9

view of health in which diseases and other negative health events are seen as result of an individuals’ interaction with their social and physical environment

Answer 9

ecological / public health model

Question 10

actions or behaviors designed to keep people from getting sick

Answer 10

disease prevention

Question 11

combined educational, organizational, procedural, environmental, social, and financial supports that help people reduce negative health behaviors and promote positive change

Answer 11

health promotion

Question 12

actions that increase susceptibility to negative health outcomes

Answer 12

risk behaviors

Question 13

achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of six dimensions

Answer 13

wellness

Question 14

range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors that influence health status

Answer 14

determinants of health

Question 15

differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases and other health conditions among specific population groups

Answer 15

health disparities

Question 16

behaviors within your power to change that can significantly influence your health

Answer 16

modifiable determinants

Question 17

biological and genetic factors of one’s health that can’t be changed through behavior

Answer 17

nonmodifiable determinants

Question 18

everything created or modified by human beings (buildings, recreation areas, transportation systems, etc.)

Answer 18

built environment

Question 19

awareness of the present moment, including sensations, thoughts, feelings, and the environment, without evaluation, qualification, or judgment

Answer 19

mindfulness

Question 20

appraisal of the relationship between an object/action/idea and some attribute of it (___ causes ___)

Answer 20

belief

Question 21

model for explaining how beliefs may influence behaviors

Answer 21

health belief model (HBM)

Question 22

model of behavior change that emphasizes the role of social factors and thought processes in behavior change

Answer 22

social cognitive model (SCM)

Question 23

model of behavior change that identifies six distinct stages people go through in altering behavior patterns (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination)

Answer 23

transtheoretical model

Question 24

health determinants that may be instilled by a person’s genetic and familial background (ex. smoking because your parents are smokers)

Answer 24

pre-disposing factors

Question 25

health determinants that may be exacerbated by one’s social and peer environment (ex. friends who drink encouraging your drinking)

Answer 25

enabling factors

Question 26

social, cognitive, and emotional force that directs human behavior

Answer 26

motivation

Question 27

belief in one’s ability to perform a task successfully

Answer 27

self-efficacy

Question 28

the location (external or internal) that an individual perceives as the source and underlying cause of events in their life (it’s out of my control / I control it)

Answer 28

locus of control

Question 29

using a series of small steps to gradually achieve a particular goal

Answer 29

shaping

Question 30

learning and adopting specific behaviors by observing others perform them

Answer 30

modeling

Question 31

aspects of a situation that cue or stimulate a person to act in certain ways - lead to consequences (results of behavior)

Answer 31

antecedents

Question 32

practicing, through mental imagery, to become better able to perform something in actuality

Answer 32

imagined rehearsal

Question 33

substituting a desired behavior for an undesirable one

Answer 33

countering

Question 34

attempt to influence a behavior through situations and occasions that are structured to exert control over that behavior (environment that encourages you to change behavior)

Answer 34

situational inducement

Question 35

customary manner of thinking and talking to oneself, which can affect one’s self-image

Answer 35

self-talk

Question 36

presenting something positive following a behavior that is being reinforced

Answer 36

positive reinforcement

Question 37

returning to a pattern of negative behavior after a period of successfully avoiding that behavior

Answer 37

relapse