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2) Cardiopulm > 9) Diagnostic Testing > Flashcards

9) Diagnostic Testing Flashcards

1
Q

Holter Monitor

A

Used for continuous 24hr ECG monitoring to provide info for dx & management of arrhythmias

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2
Q

Indications for holter monitor use

A
  • Dizziness
  • Dysrhythmias
  • SOB
  • Syncope
  • Eval pacemaker fxn
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3
Q

What should pt be doing while wearing a holter monitor?

A

Document any abn’s

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4
Q

What is electrophysiology (EPS) used for?

A

Used to investigate the cause & location of abn rhythms to determine the best tx

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5
Q

What is the indication for EPS?

A

Abn heart rhythms

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6
Q

Echocardiography

A

Non-invasive US of the heart to get a real-time image to assess performance of the heart, valves, quantify volumes, etc

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7
Q

Indications for EKG

A
  • Pericardial effusion
  • Cardiac tamponade
  • Diopathic cardiomyopathy
  • Mitral valve regurgitation/prolapse
  • Aortic regurgitation
  • Aortic stenosis
  • Vegetation of valves
  • Masses
  • Ischemia
  • Aneurysm
  • Thrombus
  • Aortic dissection
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8
Q

Describe a transesophageal echo

A

Scope is put down the throat to get a better pic of the heart

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9
Q

What does a transesophageal echo allow for?

A

Improved visualization of cardiac structures & fxn

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10
Q

What is a transesophageal echo good for?

A

Peri- & intraoperative monitroing of the left ventricle

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11
Q

What is transesophageal echo the test of choice for?

A

Cardioembolic stroke

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12
Q

What is the test of choice for cardioembolic stroke?

A

Transesophageal echo

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13
Q

Stess echo

A

Used to eval atypical sx’s such as dyspnea & fatigue or pt’s w/normal ECGS but atypical chest pain syndromes

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14
Q

What does the stress echo eval?

A

Ischemia-induced heart wall motion abn’s

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15
Q

Describe contrast echo

A

IV contrast is injected to get improved accuracy to assess myocardial perfusion & ventricular chambers

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16
Q

What are the indications for a contrast echo?

A
  • Assess areas of at-risky myocardium for damage
  • Absence/Presence of coronary collateral flow
  • Revascularization of occluded arteries after angioplasty
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17
Q

What are imaging modalities used for?

A

To eval for CAD & cardiac dysfxn

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18
Q

Single-Photon Emission CT

A

Non-invasive imaging method to detect & quantify myocardial perfsion & contractility defects

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19
Q

SPECT

A

Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography

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20
Q

What is SPECT used in conjunction w/?

A

Radioactive Isotopes

21
Q

PET

A

Provides visualization & direct measurement of metabolic fxning (glucose & fatty acid metabolism) of the heart

22
Q

What is the gold standard for blood flow measurement & metabolic assessment of the heart?

A

PET

23
Q

What is PET the gold standard for?

A

Blood flow measurement & metabolic assessment of the heart

24
Q

What does the heart use for energy while at rest?

A

Fatty Acids

25
Q

CT

A

Noninvasive method used to ID CV masses, aortic aneurysms, or pericardial thickening

26
Q

CT Angiography

A

Highlights coronary arteries to eval for CHD

27
Q

Spiral CT

A

3D image used to eval presence of PE

28
Q

What is the advantage to spiral CT over regular CT?

A

It detects arterial abn’s w/greater precision & is faster

29
Q

Does a spiral CT always require contrast?

A

No

30
Q

If a pt has a spiral CT, can you tx them that day?

A

NO!

31
Q

EBCT

A

Electron Beam CT

32
Q

Electron Beam CT

A

Noninvasive method of detecting & quantifying coronary atherosclerosis by measuring coronary calcification

33
Q

Multi-Gated Acquisition (MGA) Imaging

A

Noninvasive technique to calculate left ventricular ejection fraction

34
Q

MUGA

A

Multi-Gated Acquisition Imaging

35
Q

MRI

A

Evals morphology, cardiac blood flow, & myocardial contractility for valve disease & shunts

36
Q

Radioactive Nuclide Perfusion Imaging (RNPI)

A

*

37
Q

RNPI

A

Radioactive Nuclide Perfusion Imaging

38
Q

Pharmacologic Stress Test

A

Stress test while pt is resting

39
Q

Cardiac Catheterization

A

Invasive procedure that establishes/confirms a dx of cardiac dysfxn, heart disease, depicts severity of heart disease, or depicts severity of CAD or valve dysfxn

40
Q

What does cardiac catheterization specifically determine?

A
  • Presence & severity of CAD
  • Left ventricular fxn
  • Valvular disease
  • Pericardial disease
  • Guidelines for optimal management of pt
41
Q

What is cardiac catherization called when it is used as a tx?

A

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)

42
Q

When can cardiac catheterization/PCI be used as an alternative to CABG?

A

If only a single vessel is involved

43
Q

Ergonovine Stimulation

A

Diagnostic test for coronary spasm

44
Q

What is bronchoscopy used for?

A
  • Evals & manages some congenital pulmonary anomalies & acquired diseases
  • Study normal & variant anatomy
  • Study pathological changes of the bronchial wall & lumen
45
Q

PT implications for pt’s post-cardiac cath/PCI

A
  • Place pressure on area 4-8hrs after procedure
  • Pt’s will typically be on bedrest w/LE immobilizer
  • Some pt’s may have groin pain
  • If the procedure was done through the femoral artery, no PT
46
Q

What do you need to have to do PT on a pt who has cardiac cath/PCI through the femoral artery?

A

MD note for clearance

47
Q

What are the main things to look for when interpreting a cardiac cath?

A
  • EF
  • Blocked arteries
  • Blockage percentage
  • Valve dysfxn
48
Q

When is bronchoscopy indicated?

A
  • Assess infections that can’t be evaled from a sample
  • Clear viscous secretions
  • Retrieve foreign object

2) Cardiopulm (16 decks)

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