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2) Cardiopulm > 6) Principles Of PFT & ABG Testing > Flashcards

6) Principles Of PFT & ABG Testing Flashcards

1
Q

Hypercarbia

A

Respiratory failure from too much CO2

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2
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Not enough O2 in the blood

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3
Q

Hypoxia

A

Not enough O2 at the tissue level

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4
Q

What can lead to hypoxia?

A

Hypoxemia

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5
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Sense O2 content of blood

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6
Q

Partial Pressure

A

O2 dissolved in blood plasma

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7
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

Can’t get blow off CO2 so blood becomes acidic

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8
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Blow off too much CO2 so blood becomes basic

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9
Q

What is the physiologic mechanism of breathing?

A

1) Chemoreceptors in the carotid & aorta respond to changes in blood chem
2) Signals are sent to the medulla as PaO2 & PaCO2 change
3) Medulla sends signals to respiratory muscles to contract
4) Diaphragm contracts & thorax expands
5) Transpulmonary pressure changes
6) Air moves from AW into alveoli

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10
Q

Normal Vital Capacity

A

4.8L

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11
Q

Normal Inspiratory Capacity

A

~3.5L

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12
Q

Normal Functional Residual Capacity

A

~2.4L

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13
Q

Flow

A

Primary measure of AW volume/obstruction over time

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14
Q

PFT Flow Measures

A

Peak expiratory flow rate; % of FVC exhaled in 1 sec

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15
Q

What % of FEV1 & FEF should PFT be?

A
  • FEV1=75-80%

* FEF=25-75%

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16
Q

Peak Flow Measurement

A

Measures max air flow during forced expiration

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17
Q

Who are peak flow measurements done on & why?

A

Pt’s w/asthma to monitor AW tone to detect the onset of an attack so drugs can be properly adjusted

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18
Q

Body Plethysmography

A

Approximates body’s blood gases if pt can’t exhale

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19
Q

Pattern for obstructive disorders

A

Decr flow & incr volume

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20
Q

Pattern for restrictive disorders

A

Incr flow & decr vol

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21
Q

Diffusion Capacity

A

Amount of air that diffuses through the lungs in 1 breath

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22
Q

What is the range for diffusion capacity?

A

25-30mL CO/min/mmHg

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23
Q

When will diffusion capacity be low?

A

W/alveolar capillary membrane destruction

24
Q

When will diffusion capacity be high?

A

Emphysema

25
Q

Indications for PFT

A
  • Measure lung vol, capacities, & flow for baseline & normal values
  • Quantify level of lung dysfunction
  • Measure pt tx response
  • Pre-op screening
  • Disability eval
26
Q

O2 will diffuse from alveoli into blood when the PaO2 is in what range?

A

80-100torr

27
Q

CO2 in blood will diffuse into alveoli when the PaCO2 is in what range?

A

35-45torr

28
Q

Examples ventilatory & oxygenation abns:

A
  • Ventilatory=Obstructive & Restrictive

* Oxygenative=Duffusion Deficit & Shunt (Atelectasis, ARDS)

29
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Air taken in 1 normal breath

30
Q

Normal Tidal Volume

A

~500mL

31
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

Max amount of air that can be taken in after a normal inhale

32
Q

Normal inspiratory reserve volume

A

3L

33
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

Amount of air that can let out after a normal exhale

34
Q

Normal expiratory reserve volume

A

1.2L

35
Q

Residual Volume

A

Air left in lungs after a max exhale (1.2L)

36
Q

What is a capacity test?

A

Looks at 2+ volumes

37
Q

Define total lung capacity

A

Amount of air in lungs after a max inhale

38
Q

Examples of restrictive diseases

A

Kyphoscoliosis
Idiopathic PF
Sarcoidosis
Morbid Obesity

39
Q

ABG’s are done to determine:

A
  • Adequacy of ventilations
  • Adequacy of oxygenation
  • Metabolic status
40
Q

Where are ABG’s usually drawn from & why?

A

Brachial or radial arteries bc they’re easy to palpate & aren’t near any major vessels

41
Q

What is an Allen’s Test?

A

Pinch off ulnar & radial arteries & release ulnar to check pt’s collateral circulation

*<15sec is good

42
Q

Normal pH range

A

7.35-7.45

43
Q

Normal PCO2 range

A

35-45torr

44
Q

Normal PO2 range

A

80-100torr

45
Q

Normal HCO3 range

A

22-26meq

46
Q

Normal base excess range

A

-2 to +2

47
Q

Normal SpO2 range

A

95-100%

48
Q

Values for mild hypoxemia

A

PO2 of 67-75torr on room air

49
Q

Values for moderate hypoxemia

A

PO2 of 50-65torr

50
Q

Values for severe hypoxemia

A

PO2 <50torr

51
Q

Values for hyperoxia

A

PO2 >100-120torr

52
Q

What values put a pt in respiratory alkalosis?

A

PCO2 <35torr

53
Q

What values put a pt in metabolic acidosis?

A

HCO3 <22meq

54
Q

What values put a pt in respiratory acidosis?

A

PCO2 >45torr

55
Q

What values put a pt in metabolic alkalosis?

A

HCO3 >26meq

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