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2) Cardiopulm > 1) Cardiopulm Physiology > Flashcards

1) Cardiopulm Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Goals of CPPT?

A
  • Prevent
  • Mitigate
  • Reverse CP dysfxn
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2
Q

What can any insult to the O2 transport system cause?

A

Impairments & decr exercise tol

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3
Q

What can abn’s of CV & pulm systems cause?

A

Limitations in physical fxning

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4
Q

Minute Ventilation

A

Movement of air in & out of the lungs as a result of respiratory muscle activity

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5
Q

Normal minute ventilation?

A

21%

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6
Q

Where does gas exchange occur?

A

Between alveoli & blood in pulmonary capillaries

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7
Q

Where must blood have sufficient transit time to allow for diffusion?

A

Pulmonary Capillary

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8
Q

On which side of the heart does oxygenated blood enter?

A

Left side

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9
Q

During what phase of the cardiac cycle does blood enter the heart?

A

Diastole

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10
Q

When blood enters the L ventricle, what is the myocardium up to?

A

Its relaxed & compliant

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11
Q

W/what conditions is myocardial compliance low?

A

MI & LVH

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12
Q

What does decr myocardial compliance cause?

A
  • Impaired ability to fill L ventricle
  • Decr CO
  • Dyspnea
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13
Q

What will factors that alter the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve affect?

A

O2 delivery to skeletal muscle

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14
Q

What happens w/a shift to the left of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?

A

Impairs the amount of O2 extracted by muscle

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15
Q

What happens w/a shift to the right of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve & why?

A

Acidosis & incr body temp bc it facilitates O2 unloading from hemoglobin

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16
Q

Steps of O2 transport pathway

A

1) Fully O2-ed blood gets delivered to peripheral tissues
2) Cells uptake O2 from blood
3) Cells use O2
4) Partially desaturated blood is returned to the lungs

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17
Q

If a pt can’t generate (-) pressure, what might need to happen?

A

Night time ventilation

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18
Q

During inspiration, is alveolar or thoracic pressure greater & why?

A

Alveolar–>Bc of respiratory muscle contraction

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19
Q

Does the heart like positive pressures?

A

No

20
Q

During exhalation, is alveolar or thoracic pressure smaller?

A

Alveolar

21
Q

True or False: A healthy lung resists enlargement during inspiration.

A

True

22
Q

Is a normal lung very compliant?

A

Yes

23
Q

What happens to lungs of pt’s who have diseases that cause alveolar, interstitial, or pleural fibrosis & edema?

A

Lungs become rigid–>Decr compliance

24
Q

What incr compliance?

A

Emphysema & age

25
Q

What percent of RAW is the upper A/W responsible for?

A

45%

26
Q

Laminar Flow

A

Streamlined flow of air molecules

27
Q

Turbulent Flow

A

High AW resistance caused by frequent molecular collisions from mucus, exudate, tumor, & other obstructions

28
Q

True or False: Healthy lungs should have a mix of laminar & turbulent flow

A

True

29
Q

If a pt’s lungs have incr compliance, what does that mean for their chest & lungs?

A

Chest moves out & there’s decr recoil of lungs

30
Q

In what region of the lungs is ventilation favored?

A

Lower lungs

31
Q

Should O2 diffusion be a fast or slow process?

A

Fast

32
Q

Perfusion

A

Blood in pulmonary circulation that’s available for gas exchange

33
Q

What is perfusion dependent on?

A
  • Pulmonary vascular resistance
  • Ejection fraction
  • Gravity
34
Q

True or False: Pulmonary circulation operates at a low pressure compared to systemic circulation.

A

True

35
Q

Normal PAP Range

A

10-20mmHg

36
Q

What has a big effect on lung perfusion?

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

37
Q

What does hydrostatic pressure have a big effect on?

A

Lung Perfusion

38
Q

Hypoxia Vasoconstriction

A

Pulmonary blood vessels constriction in response to low arterial O2 pressure & low pH

*Protective reflex of moving blood away from underventilated/poorly oxygenated areas of the lung

39
Q

What can hypoxia vasoconstriction cause?

A

Pulmonary HTN

40
Q

What areas have the most optimal gas exchange?

A

Areas w/greatest amount of perfusion & ventilation

41
Q

What can affect the VQ ratio?

A

Postural changes

42
Q

Areas w/low VQ ratio (Q

A

A shunt

43
Q

Areas w/high VQ ratios (V

A

Dead space

44
Q

In what position is the VQ ratio best?

A

Upright

45
Q

In what part of the lung does optimal VQ ratio occur?

A

Mid Lung

46
Q

What problems can mess w/O2 transport?

A
  • Respiratory muscle dysfxn
  • Chest wall deformities
  • VQ mismatching
  • Diffusion abn’s
  • Inadequate CO
  • Peripheral blood flow limitations
  • Low O2-carrying capacity

2) Cardiopulm (16 decks)

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