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EXB 102 Final > 9. Audience Effects & Aggression > Flashcards

9. Audience Effects & Aggression Flashcards

1
Q

What were the 3 conditions in Triplett’s experiment? Which was the fastest

A
  1. Cyclist vs. Clock
  2. Team condition = 2 cyclists worked together for 1 to get fastest time
  3. Head to head competition = 2 cyclists raced for fastest time (FASTEST)
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2
Q

What did Zajonc have to say about the audience effect on performance?

A
  • Presence of an audience increases arousal (drive) in performing subjects
  • Based on Drive Theory
  • Heightened arousal increases the likelihood that the performer will emit his or her dominant response
  • Skill well learned = audience has (+) effect
  • Skill not well learned = dominant response is a lot of errors
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3
Q

What did Cottrell have to say about evaluative apprehension?

A
  • Drive is facilitated by the presence of those who can evaluate performance
  • Who is in the audience (scouts, pros, etc.)
  • Perception that others can judge your performance –> increase arousal (-)
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4
Q

What sport has the most home court advantage at the pro level?

A

Basketball

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5
Q

What sport has the least home court advantage at the pro level?

A

Baseball

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6
Q

What sport has the least home court advantage at the college level?

A

Basketball

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7
Q

How is home court advantage seen in the Olympics?

A

Home country wins more medals than they would in other countries

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8
Q

Explain Away Court Disadvantage.

A

Visitors play worse away from home

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9
Q

What did Varca have to say about home court advantage in relation to assertiveness?

A
  • Home team = functionally assertive play (less fouls)

- Visiting team = dysfunctionally assertive play (more fouls)

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10
Q

What is BIRG? Examples for students?

A

Basking In Reflected Glory

  • Students tend to wear school-related clothing more after a win than a loss
  • Students respond to a win with “we” and a loss with “they”
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11
Q

What are the 3 properties of aggression defined?

A
  1. Infliction of an adverse stimulus upon a person
  2. An act committed w/ an intent to harm
  3. Perpetrated against an unwilling victim
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12
Q

Provoked vs. Unprovoked aggression.

A
  • Provoked = somebody did something first

- Unprovoked = out of the blue

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13
Q

Direct vs. Indirect aggression.

A
  • Direct = direct contact w/ someone resulting in harm

- Indirect = not doing something that still results in harming the individual

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14
Q

Verbal vs. Physical aggression.

A
  • Verbal = non-contact, words

- Physical = contact

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15
Q

Adaptive vs. Maladaptive aggression.

A
  • Adaptive = using normal part of the sport to hurt someone; adapting to the moment around you to make something happen
  • Maladaptive = can be premeditated, can involve objects not usually used in the sport
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16
Q

Hostile vs. Instrumental aggression.

A
  • Hostile = negative emotional component of hostility

- Instrumental = usefulness to aggressive act

17
Q

How is assertion different than aggression?

A
  • No intent to harm
  • No legitimate force
  • No unusual effort/energy
  • Goal = to play with as much force, enthusiasm, and skill to be successful within the constitutive rules
18
Q

What is proactive assertion?

A

Behavior is acceptable, yet forceful or active and within formal rules

19
Q

Normative vs. Constitutive rules

A
  • Normative = unwritten rules

- Constitutive = written rules

20
Q

List the theories of aggression.

A
  • Genetics
  • Cathartic approaches
  • Instinct theory
21
Q

Explain the genetics theory of aggression.

A
  • Genetically predisposed to commit aggressive acts

- XYY chromosome found more in incarcerated males

22
Q

Define catharsis & explain the Cathartic approach theory of aggression.

A
  • Catharsis = something (emotions) builds up, causing some sort of release
  • Vicarious = people in the stands watching aggressive sports (football, MMA, boxing) get it out of their system
23
Q

Explain the instinct theory of aggression.

A

Protect the home and family

24
Q

Explain the Frustration-Aggression hypothesis.

A

Continue to frustrate someone, preventing them from pursuing a goal –> they will eventually act out against you

25
Q

Explain Bandura’s Social Learning Theory.

A
  • Primary mechanism = watching other people aggress
  • Reinforcement = see it happen on TV, in the pros
  • Modeling = teach by example
26
Q

What are the factors promoting aggression? Examples?

A
  • Physical = heat, noise, crowds
  • Psychological = vicarious reinforcement, deindividuation (thinking you’re invisible in large crowds)
  • Sociological = cultural influence, media
  • Sport related situations = point spread, standings/rankings, home vs. away
  • Media exploiting violence
27
Q

What are the ways in which we can curb violence in sport?

A
  • Change violent aspects in selected sports to make it safer for its participants
  • Responsibility of coaches, players, officials

EXB 102 Final (8 decks)

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