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PTRS 852 > 9 > Flashcards

9 Flashcards

1
Q

Allows organism to sense the body and environment

much of it is unconscious

A

Sensory systems

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2
Q

Sensory info from the skin and musculoskeletal

A

Somatosensory systems

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3
Q

Skin sensations include

A

touch
pain
temp

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4
Q

Musculoskeletal sensations include

A

proprioception and pain

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5
Q

Provides info regarding stretch of muscles, tension on tendons, positions of joints, and deep vibration
includes both static joint position and kinesthetic sense

A

Proprioception

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6
Q

Each type is specialized, responding only to a specific type of stimulus, the adequate stimulus, under normal conditions
located at the distal ends of peripheral neurons

A

receptors

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7
Q

Types of receptors

A

Mechanoreceptors
Chemorecpetors
Thermoreceptors

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8
Q

receptor that responds to mechanical deformation of the receptor by touch, pressure, stretch , or vibration

A

Mechanoreceptors

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9
Q

receptors that respond to substances released by cells

A

Chemoreceptors

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10
Q

receptors that respond to heat or cold

A

Thermoreceptors

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11
Q

A subset of each type of receptor that is preferentially sensitive to stimuli that damage or threaten to damage tissue
results in a sensation of pain

A

Nociceptors

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12
Q

The area of skin innervate by a single afferent neuron

A

receptive field

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13
Q

proximal relation of receptor fields

A

smaller distally and larger proximally

greater density distally than proximally

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14
Q

Skin innervate by axons from single dorsal root

A

dermatome

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15
Q

axons from dorsal root innervating specific parts of the limbs regrouped to form

A

peripheral nerve

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16
Q

Large myelinated Ia

A

receptors: muscle spindles

stimulus muscle stretch

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17
Q

Large myelinated Ib

A

receptor: golgi tendon, stimulus: tendon tension

Receptor ligament receptors, stimulus: ligament tension

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18
Q

Medium myelinated II

A

receptors:muscle spindles, muscle stretch

receptor paciniform and ruffini type receptors in joint capsules, stimulus: joint movement

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19
Q

A beta receptors

A 
Meissners
Pacinian
Ruffinis
Merkels
Hair follicle
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20
Q

meissners stimulus

A

Touch, vibration (superficial fine touch)

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21
Q

pacinian stimulus

A

Touch, vibration

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22
Q

ruffinis stimulus

A

skin stretch

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23
Q

Markels stimulus

A

pressure (superficial fine touch)

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24
Q

hair follicle stimulus

A

pressure

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25
Q

A alpha receptors

A

Free nerve ending

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26
Q

A alpha free nerve ending stimulus

A

tissue damage, temp, and course touch

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27
Q

C receptors

A

Free nerve endings

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28
Q

C free nerve ending stimulus

A

Tissue damage, temp, itch, tickle

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29
Q

Sensory organ embedded in skeletal “extrafusal” muscle, consists of muscle fibers, sensory endings, and motor endings

A

Muscle spindle

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30
Q

What do sensory endings in muscle spindles respond to

A

muscle stretch

changes in muscle length and velocity of length change

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31
Q

Quick and tonic stretch of spindle registered by

A

Ia afferents

32
Q

Tonic stretch monitored by

A

II afferents

33
Q

______ adjust spindle fiber length via specialized muscle fibers so spindle is responsive through physiologic range of muscle length

A

small efferent fibers

34
Q

Relay info about tension in tendons in both active contraction and passive stretch

A

Golgi tendon organs

35
Q

Golgi tendon organs info transmitted by

A

Ib afferents

36
Q

Peripheral sensory neurons have two axons

A

distal axons

Proximal axons

37
Q

Conduct messages from receptor to the cell body

A

Distal axons

38
Q

Project from the cell body into the spinal cord or brainstem

A

Proximal axons

39
Q

Where are the cell bodies of most peripheral sensory neurons located

A

outside the spinal cord in the dorsal root ganglia or outside the brain in cranial nerve ganglia

40
Q

Primary afferent fiber and ganglia classified according to axon diameter (largest to smallest)

A 
C
A alpha
II or A beta
Ib
Ia
41
Q

Types of somatosensory pathways

A

Conscious relay
Divergent
Unconscious relay

42
Q

anatomic name for conscious relay

A

dorsal column/medial lemniscus

spinothalamic

43
Q

Anatomic name for divergent pathways

A

spinomesencephalic
spinoreticular
spinolimbic

44
Q

Anatomic name for unconscious relay

A

spinocerebellar

45
Q

info conveyed by the dorsal column/medial lemniscus

A

Discriminative touch and conscious proprioception

46
Q

Termination of dorsal column/medial lemniscus

A

Primary sensory area cerebral cortex

47
Q

info conveyed by the spinothalamic pathway

A

discriminative pain and temp

48
Q

termination of spinothalamic

A

Primary sensory area cerebral cortex

49
Q

info conveyed by the divergent pathways

A

slow, aching pain

50
Q

termination of the spinomesencephalic

A

midbrain

51
Q

termination of the spinoreticular

A

reticular formation

52
Q

termination of the spinolimbic

A

amygdala, basal ganglia, many areas of cerebral cortex

53
Q

Info conveyed by the spinocerebellar

A

movement related info

54
Q

termination of the spinocerebellar

A

cerebellum

55
Q

Touch and proprioception info from limbs enters spinal cord via

A

A beta or I/II afferents

56
Q

Dorsal column pathway

A

ascends in dorsal column to ipsilateral lower medulla
Synapse in nucleus cuneatus (UE) or gracilis (trunk or LE) of medulla
Crosses spinal cord and ascends in medial lemniscus to contralateral thalamus
Synapse in VPL of thalamus
Ascends to primary somatosensory cortex

57
Q

Lateral pain system

A

spinothalamic pathway

58
Q

Pain and temp info from limbs enters spinal core via

A

A alpha or C afferents and synapses in dorsal horn

59
Q

Spinothalamic pathways

A 
A alpha or C afferents synapses in dorsal horn
crosses to contralateral spinal cord
Ascends in spinothalamic tract
synapses in VPL thalamus
ascends to primary somatosensory cortex
60
Q

Somatosensory systems

A

Primary sensory cortex
Secondary sensory cortex
Sensory association cortex

61
Q

somatosensory system that registers receptor activation (maps)

A

primary sensory cortex

62
Q

somatosensory system that processes info from that sensory system alone
patterns of activity and anticipation

A

secondary sensory cortex

63
Q

somatosensory systems that integrates related activity of different sensory systems

A

Sensory association cortex

64
Q

Receive sensory info directly from thalamus

each discriminates among different intensities and qualities of one type of input

A

Primary sensory areas

65
Q

discriminates shape, texture, or size of objects

A

primary somatosensory

66
Q

Conscious discrimination of loudness and pitch of sounds

A

primary auditory

67
Q

distinguishes intensity of light, shape, size and location of objects

A

primary visual

68
Q

discriminates among head positions and head movements

A

primary vestibular

69
Q

Stereognosis and memory of the tactile and spatial environment

A

secondary somatosensory

70
Q

Analysis of motion, color: control of visual fixation

A

secondary visual

71
Q

classification of sounds

A

secondary auditory

72
Q

Primary sensory areas

A

somatosensory
auditory
visual
vestibular

73
Q

Secondary sensory areas

A

somatosensory
visual
auditory

74
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

S1: 3, 1, 2

75
Q

secondary somatosensory cortex

A

S2: 5,7

76
Q

Sensory association area

A

SAA: 39, 40`

77
Q

transmits proprioceptive info to cerebellum
unconscious proprioception
critical for adjusting moveements and posture

A

spinocerebellar

PTRS 852 (11 decks)

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