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PTRS 852 > 10 > Flashcards

10 Flashcards

1
Q

auditory system receptors

A

hair cells

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2
Q

integrates the information from both ears

A

inferior colliculus

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3
Q

movement of the eyes and head towards the sound

A

superior colliculus

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4
Q

relay to the primary auditory cortex

A

medial geniculate body: thalamus

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5
Q

cochlea (organ of corti) signal pathway

A 
coclear n via CN VIII
superior olivary n
inferior colliculus
MGN
primary auditory cortex
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6
Q

What does the inferior colliculus also branch to

A

superior colliculus

muscles of neck to reflexively turn head via tectospinal pathway

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7
Q

What does the coclear n also branch to

A

reticular formation

general movement/postural muscles via the reticulospinal pathway

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8
Q

comprehension of sound

A

Wernickes area

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9
Q

provides sensory input about both angular and linear acceleration. orients the head with respect to gravity

A

peripheral sensory apparatus

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10
Q

sensitive to angular change in acceleration in yaw, pitch, and roll planes
Oriented at right angles to one another

A

semicircular canals

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11
Q

horizontal canal sits at

A

30 degrees

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12
Q

ampulla contains

A

crista ampullaris and hair cells

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13
Q

Biological sensors which convert head motion into neural firing
present in the ampulla and otolith organs

A

hair cell

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14
Q

the coplanar pairing of canals is associated with ____________ change in the quantity of semicircular canals output

A

push pull

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15
Q

info from semicircular canals are used to

A

stabilize vision

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16
Q

otoliths

A

utricle and saccule

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17
Q

Sensitive to linear acceleration and gravity

A

otoliths

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18
Q

Oriented in the horizontal plane

A

utricle

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19
Q

when is the utricle maximally stimulated

A

with sideways movement

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20
Q

oriented in the vertical plane

A

saccule

21
Q

when is the saccule maximally stimulated

A

with up/down movements

22
Q

the macula of the utricle is oriented in the

A

horizontal plane

23
Q

macula of the saccule is oriented in the

A

vertical plane

24
Q

head movements cause change in

A

firing rates of both vestibular nerves but in opposite directions

25
Q

_____ and _____ work in conjunction with other motor systems to control _______ and _________ during head movements and posture movements and locomotion

A

VOR and VSR

gaze stability and whole body equilibrium

26
Q

flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum

A

central vestibular system

27
Q

vestibular nucleii

A

4 medial, lateral, inferior and superior

28
Q

____ connects to extraocular muscles

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus and superior colliculus

29
Q

stabilize eyes when head moves

A

vestibulo-occular reflex

30
Q

balance control

A

vestibulo-spinal reflex

31
Q

connection between vestibular system and stability muscles of the torso and lower extremities (below the neck)

A

lateral vestibulospinal tract

32
Q

head position

A

medial vestibulospinal tract

33
Q

detects movement and postural sway and corrective signal sent to muscles to maintain balance and coordinate movement

A

vestibular system

34
Q

maintain gaze stability during head motion

allows disired object to stay on fovea, even when walking/running or moving head

A

vestibulo-ocular reflex

35
Q

oscillopsia

A

deficit of the vestibulo-ocular reflex

36
Q

what is the VOR regulated by

A

afferent input from semicircular canals

37
Q

VOR gain

A

as the head moves in one direction, the eyes move in the opposite direction with equal velocity

38
Q

what is VOR gain regulated by

A

semicircular canals

39
Q

in a nystagmus fast beat always

A

toward the more active side

40
Q

Nystagmus; slow phase is driven by

A

ears

41
Q

nystagmus: fast phase is driven by

A

CNS

42
Q

Nystagmus beats towards a

A

stimulated ear

43
Q

Acute inflammation of the vestibular nerve

A

Vestibular neuritis

44
Q

Bacterial infection of the labyrinth

can cause hearing loss

A

Vestibular labyrinthitis

45
Q

fistulas occur at the round or oval window - separates middle ear and the inner ear

A

Perilymphatic fistula

46
Q

symptoms of perilymphatic fistula

A

vertigo
oscillopsia
imbalance induced by auditory stimuli or straining

47
Q

malabsoption of endolymph in the endolymphatic duct and sac

devastating vestibular and hearing loss

A

Meniere’s Disease

48
Q

symptoms of minieres

A 
fullness in ear
reduced hearing
rotational vertigo
nausea
increased prevalence of migraine
49
Q

apparent movement of a stationary visual environment

A

oscillopsia

PTRS 852 (11 decks)

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