10

Question 1

auditory system receptors

Answer 1

hair cells

Question 2

integrates the information from both ears

Answer 2

inferior colliculus

Question 3

movement of the eyes and head towards the sound

Answer 3

superior colliculus

Question 4

relay to the primary auditory cortex

Answer 4

medial geniculate body: thalamus

Question 5

cochlea (organ of corti) signal pathway

Answer 5

coclear n via CN VIII
superior olivary n
inferior colliculus
MGN
primary auditory cortex

Question 6

What does the inferior colliculus also branch to

Answer 6

superior colliculus

muscles of neck to reflexively turn head via tectospinal pathway

Question 7

What does the coclear n also branch to

Answer 7

reticular formation

general movement/postural muscles via the reticulospinal pathway

Question 8

comprehension of sound

Answer 8

Wernickes area

Question 9

provides sensory input about both angular and linear acceleration. orients the head with respect to gravity

Answer 9

peripheral sensory apparatus

Question 10

sensitive to angular change in acceleration in yaw, pitch, and roll planes
Oriented at right angles to one another

Answer 10

semicircular canals

Question 11

horizontal canal sits at

Answer 11

30 degrees

Question 12

ampulla contains

Answer 12

crista ampullaris and hair cells

Question 13

Biological sensors which convert head motion into neural firing
present in the ampulla and otolith organs

Answer 13

hair cell

Question 14

the coplanar pairing of canals is associated with ____________ change in the quantity of semicircular canals output

Answer 14

push pull

Question 15

info from semicircular canals are used to

Answer 15

stabilize vision

Question 16

otoliths

Answer 16

utricle and saccule

Question 17

Sensitive to linear acceleration and gravity

Answer 17

otoliths

Question 18

Oriented in the horizontal plane

Answer 18

utricle

Question 19

when is the utricle maximally stimulated

Answer 19

with sideways movement

Question 20

oriented in the vertical plane

Answer 20

saccule

Question 21

when is the saccule maximally stimulated

Answer 21

with up/down movements

Question 22

the macula of the utricle is oriented in the

Answer 22

horizontal plane

Question 23

macula of the saccule is oriented in the

Answer 23

vertical plane

Question 24

head movements cause change in

Answer 24

firing rates of both vestibular nerves but in opposite directions

Question 25

_____ and _____ work in conjunction with other motor systems to control _______ and _________ during head movements and posture movements and locomotion

Answer 25

VOR and VSR | gaze stability and whole body equilibrium

Question 26

flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum

Answer 26

central vestibular system

Question 27

vestibular nucleii

Answer 27

4 medial, lateral, inferior and superior

Question 28

____ connects to extraocular muscles

Answer 28

medial longitudinal fasciculus and superior colliculus

Question 29

stabilize eyes when head moves

Answer 29

vestibulo-occular reflex

Question 30

balance control

Answer 30

vestibulo-spinal reflex

Question 31

connection between vestibular system and stability muscles of the torso and lower extremities (below the neck)

Answer 31

lateral vestibulospinal tract

Question 32

head position

Answer 32

medial vestibulospinal tract

Question 33

detects movement and postural sway and corrective signal sent to muscles to maintain balance and coordinate movement

Answer 33

vestibular system

Question 34

maintain gaze stability during head motion | allows disired object to stay on fovea, even when walking/running or moving head

Answer 34

vestibulo-ocular reflex

Question 35

oscillopsia

Answer 35

deficit of the vestibulo-ocular reflex

Question 36

what is the VOR regulated by

Answer 36

afferent input from semicircular canals

Question 37

VOR gain

Answer 37

as the head moves in one direction, the eyes move in the opposite direction with equal velocity

Question 38

what is VOR gain regulated by

Answer 38

semicircular canals

Question 39

in a nystagmus fast beat always

Answer 39

toward the more active side

Question 40

Nystagmus; slow phase is driven by

Answer 40

ears

Question 41

nystagmus: fast phase is driven by

Answer 41

CNS

Question 42

Nystagmus beats towards a

Answer 42

stimulated ear

Question 43

Acute inflammation of the vestibular nerve

Answer 43

Vestibular neuritis

Question 44

Bacterial infection of the labyrinth | can cause hearing loss

Answer 44

Vestibular labyrinthitis

Question 45

fistulas occur at the round or oval window - separates middle ear and the inner ear

Answer 45

Perilymphatic fistula

Question 46

symptoms of perilymphatic fistula

Answer 46

vertigo oscillopsia imbalance induced by auditory stimuli or straining

Question 47

malabsoption of endolymph in the endolymphatic duct and sac | devastating vestibular and hearing loss

Answer 47

Meniere's Disease

Question 48

symptoms of minieres

Answer 48

``` fullness in ear reduced hearing rotational vertigo nausea increased prevalence of migraine ```

Question 49

apparent movement of a stationary visual environment

Answer 49

oscillopsia