12

Question 1

Dimensions of pain

Answer 1

sensory-discrimination
motivational-affective
cognitive-evaluative

Question 2

dimensions of sensory-discrimination

Answer 2

location
magnitude
duration
quality

Question 3

dimensions of motivational affective

Answer 3

emotions
anxiety
depression

Question 4

dimensions of cognitive evaluative

Answer 4

post experience

possibility of outcomes

Question 5

increased sensitivity to noxious stimulus

Answer 5

hyperalgesia

Question 6

feeling of pain from a non-noxious stimulus

Answer 6

allodynia

Question 7

pain perceived outside the area of injury

Answer 7

referred pain

Question 8

increased responsiveness or decreased threshold of neurons

Answer 8

sensitization

Question 9

dysfunction in PNS; primary hyperalgesia

Answer 9

peripheral sensitization

Question 10

dysfunction in neurons in SC or brain; secondary hyperalgesia; allodynia

Answer 10

central sensitization

Question 11

ascending pain pathways

Answer 11

1st order neurons =primary afferent
2nd order neurons = spinothalamic
3rd order neurons = thalamocortical neurons

Question 12

transmit sharp pain, noxious mechanical, thermal stimulation; low-threshold; fast pain

Answer 12

A alpha

Question 13

transmit dull pain, noxious mechanical, thermal and chemical stimulation; high-threshold; slow pain

Answer 13

C

Question 14

immediate sharp sensation following an injury that indicates location of pain, transmitted via a alpha/GIII; processed via lateral pain system

Answer 14

fast pain

Question 15

dull, burring, throbbing ache followed by sharp pain that is not well localized; transmitted by C fibers/IV; processed via medial pain system

Answer 15

Slow pain

Question 16

a sensory receptor that transduce pain stimulus

Answer 16

nociceptor

Question 17

peripheral mechanisms for pain

Answer 17

unimodal neurons
Polymodal neurons
receptors
chemicals

Question 18

func of primary afferent neurons

Answer 18

transduction

transmission

Question 19

detection of noxious or damaging stimuli

Answer 19

transduction

Question 20

passage of the resulting sensory input from peripheral terminals to spinal cord

Answer 20

transmission

Question 21

tissue damage resulting in release of chemicals

binding of substances and activation of ion channels and receptors

Answer 21

inflammation

Question 22

symptoms of inflammation

Answer 22

constant pain/pain form a normal stimulus
heat
edema

Question 23

chemicals released by primary afferents are

Answer 23

glu

substance p

Question 24

spinal pain mechanisms

Answer 24

chemicals released by primary afferents

NMDA receptors, NK receptors, Ca ion channels

Question 25

3 classifications of DH neurons

Answer 25

projection
interneurons
wide dynamic range

Question 26

Integrate painful and non-painful info
receive info from both sides and multiple sites
response to noxious and non-noxious stimuli
contributes to chronic pain

Answer 26

wide dynamic range neurons

Question 27

convergence of input from various tissues and misinterpretation by cortex

Answer 27

referred pain

Question 28

lateral pain system

Answer 28

lat spinothalamic

Question 29

medial pain system

Answer 29

ant spinothalamic tract

spinolimbic tract

Question 30

sensory discrimination pain tract

Answer 30

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 31

motivational-affective pain pathway

Answer 31

ant spinothalamic tract

Question 32

ant spinothalamic tract projection to brainstem

Answer 32

spinoreticular tract

Question 33

ant spinothalamic tract projection to midbrain

Answer 33

spinomesencephalic tract

Question 34

these fibers mediate visceral, emotional and autonomic reactions to pain

Answer 34

spinolimbic tract

Question 35

spinolimbic pathway

Answer 35

nociceptors
SC (lamina II, V)
multisynaptic/bilateral
medial and intralaminar thalamic nuleus
anterior cingulate, insular cortex, DLPFC, amygdala

Question 36

descending pain pathways

Answer 36

Cingulate cortex
insular cortex
amygdala
periaqueductal grey (PAG)
Rostroventromedial medulla (RVM)
dorsolateral pontine tegmentum

Question 37

main descending pain pathway

Answer 37

PAG-RVM

Question 38

descending pain inhibitory output

Answer 38

electrical stimulation
exercise
opioid medication

Question 39

descending pain excitatory output

Answer 39

increase glu release

tissue injury

Question 40

brain regions that process and regulate pain information

Answer 40

pain matrix

Question 41

sensory discrimination in the brain

Answer 41

thalamus (VPL and VPM) SSC

Question 42

affective motivational in the brain

Answer 42

cerebral: insula, cingulate and prefrontal cortex
amygdala and hypothalamus
thalamus: intralaminar nuclei

Question 43

cognitive pain in the brain

Answer 43

prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)

Question 44

descending pain control in the brain

Answer 44

midbrain and brainstem

Question 45

ANS, SNS pain factor

Answer 45

contibutes to emergency analgesia

key command center in brainstem - locus ceruleus

Question 46

types of pain

Answer 46

somatic
psychological
neuropathic

Question 47

skin and deep tissues (superficial or deep pain)

Answer 47

somatic

Question 48

pain associated with anxiety or depression

Answer 48

psycological

Question 49

pain that results from disturbances in neural and non-neural cells that leads to maladaptive changes in the neurons of the sensory system

Answer 49

neuropathic