11

Question 1

in daylight we have much greater spatial sensitivity on our

Answer 1

central retina

Question 2

visual acuity is measured when we look directly at

Answer 2

symbols on test chart

Question 3

photopigments in photoreceptors absorb light resulting in change in photoreceptors membrane potential

Answer 3

phototransduction

Question 4

phototransduction info is transmitted to

Answer 4

ganglion cells which transmits action potential through optic nerve to brian

Question 5

Visual pathways

Answer 5

photoreceptors in retina
LGN via optic n/optic chiasm/optic tract
primary visual cortex (area 17) via optic radiations (geniculostriate)
secondary cortex (area 18/19)
Sensory association cortex (39/40)

Question 6

ipsilateral monocular blindness

Answer 6

right eye visual field (optic nerve)

Question 7

bitemporal hemianopsia

Answer 7

peripheral vision in both eyes (optic chiasm)

Question 8

Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia

Answer 8

Left visual area in both eyes (optic tract)

Question 9

Contalateral homonymous inferior quadrantanopsia

Answer 9

Lower left visual in both eyes (upper portion optic radiation)

Question 10

shining a bright light into one eye stimulates

Answer 10

the pupillary and consensual reflexes

Question 11

constriction of the pupil in the other eye

Answer 11

consensual reflex

Question 12

Visual Pathways

Answer 12

photoreceptors in retina
Pretectum via the optic n/optic chiasm/optic tract
optic n, chiasm, and tract also branch to superior colliculus
Superior colliculus branches to the cortex and muscles of neck to reflexively turn head via the tectospinal pathway

Question 13

cortical areas that control voluntary eye movements

Answer 13

frontal eye fields

Question 14

cortical areas that provide info about the movement of visual objects

Answer 14

occipital and temporal regions

Question 15

cortical areas that provides spatial info for eye movements

Answer 15

the posterior parietal cortex

Question 16

Keeping position of eyes stable is achieved by

Answer 16

vestibulo-ocular reflex

Optokinetic reflex

Question 17

directing the gaze at visual targets is achieved by

Answer 17

Saccades
smooth pursuits
vergence movements

Question 18

fast eye movements to switch gaze from one object to another

Answer 18

saccades

Question 19

eye movements that follow a moving object

Answer 19

smooth pursuits

Question 20

movement of the eyes toward or away from midline to adjust for different distances between the eyes and the visual target

Answer 20

vergence movement

Question 21

coordinate head and eye movements

Answer 21

Medial longitudinal fasciculus