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PTRS 852 > 7 > Flashcards

7 Flashcards

1
Q

What helps protect the brain from both pathogens and internal chemicals like some hormones

A

Blood-brain barrier

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2
Q

Where doe the brain get its blood supply

A

internal carotids

Vertebral arteries

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3
Q

What artery doesn’t have a pair

A

the basilar artery

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4
Q

Internal carotids branch from the

A

common carotid

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5
Q

where do the internal carotids enter the skull

A

carotid canal

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6
Q

Branches of the internal carotids

A 
Anterior cerebral
Middle cerebral
opthalmic
Anterior choroidal
Anterior communicating
Posterior communicating
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7
Q

artery to the lateral cortex

A

Middle cerebral artery

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8
Q

Branch of the middle cerebral artery

A

lenticulostriate

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9
Q

supply the cuadate, putamen, and anterior limb of the internal capsule

A

Lenticulostriate

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10
Q

supplies retina and dura

A

opthalmic

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11
Q

supplies parts of the internal capsule, thalamus, hippocampus and basal ganglia

A

Anterior choroidal

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12
Q

small conduit between anterior cerebral arteries

A

Anterior communicating

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13
Q

supplies parts of the hypothalamus, thalamus and hippocampus

A

Posterior communicating

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14
Q

Circle of willis is made by

A

anterior communicating, anterior cerebral, posterior communicating and posterior cerebral

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15
Q

At the junction of the posterior cerebral arteries until it bifurcates, becoming the vertebral arteries

A

Basilar artery

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16
Q

branches of the basilar artery

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar
Pontine
Superior cerebral
Posterior cerebral

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17
Q

Supplies pontine nuclei, some cranial nerve nuclei, corticopontine, corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts int he pontine area

A

Pontine

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18
Q

Supplies the superior and middle cerebral peduncles, medial and lateral leminiscus, spinal tigeminal nucles, spinothalamic tract

A

Superior cerebellar

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19
Q

Supplies most of the midbrain, thalamus, temporal loge and medial and inferior aspects of the occipital lobe

A

Posterior cerebral

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20
Q

Branches of the vertebral arteries

A

Anterior spinal artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Posterior spinal artery

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21
Q 
supplies 
Pyramids
medial leminiscus of medulla
medial longitudinal fasciculus
CN XII
Inferior olive
A

Anterior spinal artery

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22
Q

supplies
spinothalamic and spinocerebellar tracts,
descending parts of CN V5
nucleus ambiguus
all the midbrain and vermis and inferior cerebellum

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

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23
Q 
supplies
Fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus
Spinal trigeminal nucleus
inferior cerebellar peduncle 
some of the vagus nerve
A

Posterior spinal artery

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24
Q

Insufficient blood flow

A

Ischemia

25
Q

Rupture of the vessel and bleeding into the cranial cavity

A

Hemorrhage

26
Q

Contralateral hemiplegia and somatosensory loss mainly in LE

Some loss of motivation and executive cognition

A

Anterior cerebral deficits

27
Q

Contralateral hemiplegia and somatosensory loss in the UE and head
Aphasia
Sensory association
Some loss of executive cognition and working memory
Major mulisystem dysfunciton as result of deep structure insult

A

Middle cerebral deficits can include

28
Q

Hemianopsia
Several syndromes related to midbrain, thalamus, and subthalamic nuclei
Webers syndrome

A

Posterior cerebral deficits can include

29
Q

Superior alternating hemiplegia
Ipsilateral oculomotor dysfunction
Pupil dilation
Contralateral hemiplegia

A

webers syndrome

30
Q

Ipsilateral limb and gain ataxia
Contralateral loss of pain and temp sensation
ipsilateral horner’s syndrome

A

Superior cerebellar deficits can include

31
Q

Increased influence of parasympathetic drive to the eye
ipsilateral pupil constriction
ptosis
sinking in of eyeball

A

Horners syndrome

32
Q

ipsilateral loss of facial sensation
ipsilateral horners syndrome
contralateral hemianesthesia

A

anterior inferior cerabellar deficits can include

33
Q

Posterior inferior cerebellar deficits can include

A

Wallenbergs’s syndrome

34
Q

Dysphagia and dysarthria (nucleus ambiguus)
Ipsilateral pain and temp of face (CNV)
contralateral pain and temp of body (spinothalamic tract)
Vertigo (vestibular nuclei)
Ipsilateral horner’s

A

Wallenberg’s syndrome

35
Q

Anterior spinal deficits can include

A

Medial medullary syndrome

36
Q

Contralateral conscious proprioception (medial leminiscus)
Paresis (upper motor neuronds in pyramidal tract )
deviation of tongue to side of lesion (CN XII)

A

Medial medullary syndrome

37
Q

Ipsilateral conscious proprioception (nucleus cuneatus and gracillus)

A

Posterior spinal deficits can include

38
Q

what can occlude the vertebral arteries

A

Extension and rotation, especially with bad posture

39
Q

What can vertebral artery compromise result in

A 
nystagmus
dizziness
nausea
blurred vision 
loss of balance or fall
40
Q

Main sinuses

A 
Superior sagittal sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus
Sphenoparietal sinus
Cavernous sinus
Transverse sinus
Confluence of sinuses
41
Q

runs the length of the in interhemisphereic fissure at the superior border of the falx cerebri draining much of the lateral and superior medial cortex

A

Superior sagittal sinus

42
Q

runs much of the length of the interhemispheric fissure at teh inferior border of the falx cerebri formin the straight sinus above the tentorium cerebelli

A

Inferior sagittal sinus

43
Q

drain the deep middle cerebral veins

A

Sphenoparietal sinus

44
Q

Convoluted sinus around the sella turcica. many important structures are surrounded by these sunuses

A

Cavernous sinus

45
Q

Wraps around the lateral aspects of the cerebellum draining the occipital cortex and cerebellum

A

transverse sinus

46
Q

near the occipital pole, the superior and straight sinuses connect to the tranverse sinuses, which becomes the sigmoid sinus which then descends to become the internal jugular vein

A

confluence of sinuses

47
Q

Layers that play an integral role in supporting the brain, vessels and CSF

A

Meninges

48
Q

Tough fibrous membrane that surrounds the venous sinuses

A

dura mater

49
Q

The dura extends between lobes of the brain in sheets called speta, to help hold it in place in relation to the vessels

A

Flax cerebri

Tentorium cerebelli

50
Q

Provides mechanical and chemical support for the brain
acts like a protective water jacket
carries away metabolites and toxins

A

cerebrospinal fluid

51
Q

____ are present in each ventricle

A

choroid plexuses

52
Q

sequence of verticles

A 
Lateral ventricles
3rd ventricle
cerebral aqueduct 
4th ventricle
empties to the central canal of the spinal cord
53
Q

Ventricles that wind around the basal ganglia, thalamus, midbrain

A

Lateral ventricles

54
Q

Narrow vertical space between the thalami, above the hypothalamus

A

3rd ventricle

55
Q

narrow channel running from the 3rd to 4th ventricle

A

Cerebral aqueducts

56
Q

pyramid shaped cavity behind the pons and below, anterior to, and between the hemisphere of the cerebellum

A

4th ventricle

57
Q

the continued production of CSF even if flow is obstructed

A

Hydrocephalus

58
Q

artery to medial and some frontal/parietal aspects of the cortex
also support internal capsule, and some basal ganglia

A

anterior cerebral artery

PTRS 852 (11 decks)

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