7 Flashcards
What helps protect the brain from both pathogens and internal chemicals like some hormones
Blood-brain barrier
Where doe the brain get its blood supply
internal carotids
Vertebral arteries
What artery doesn’t have a pair
the basilar artery
Internal carotids branch from the
common carotid
where do the internal carotids enter the skull
carotid canal
Branches of the internal carotids
Anterior cerebral Middle cerebral opthalmic Anterior choroidal Anterior communicating Posterior communicating
artery to the lateral cortex
Middle cerebral artery
Branch of the middle cerebral artery
lenticulostriate
supply the cuadate, putamen, and anterior limb of the internal capsule
Lenticulostriate
supplies retina and dura
opthalmic
supplies parts of the internal capsule, thalamus, hippocampus and basal ganglia
Anterior choroidal
small conduit between anterior cerebral arteries
Anterior communicating
supplies parts of the hypothalamus, thalamus and hippocampus
Posterior communicating
Circle of willis is made by
anterior communicating, anterior cerebral, posterior communicating and posterior cerebral
At the junction of the posterior cerebral arteries until it bifurcates, becoming the vertebral arteries
Basilar artery
branches of the basilar artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar
Pontine
Superior cerebral
Posterior cerebral
Supplies pontine nuclei, some cranial nerve nuclei, corticopontine, corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts int he pontine area
Pontine
Supplies the superior and middle cerebral peduncles, medial and lateral leminiscus, spinal tigeminal nucles, spinothalamic tract
Superior cerebellar
Supplies most of the midbrain, thalamus, temporal loge and medial and inferior aspects of the occipital lobe
Posterior cerebral
Branches of the vertebral arteries
Anterior spinal artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Posterior spinal artery
supplies Pyramids medial leminiscus of medulla medial longitudinal fasciculus CN XII Inferior olive
Anterior spinal artery
supplies
spinothalamic and spinocerebellar tracts,
descending parts of CN V5
nucleus ambiguus
all the midbrain and vermis and inferior cerebellum
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
supplies Fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus Spinal trigeminal nucleus inferior cerebellar peduncle some of the vagus nerve
Posterior spinal artery
Insufficient blood flow
Ischemia
Rupture of the vessel and bleeding into the cranial cavity
Hemorrhage
Contralateral hemiplegia and somatosensory loss mainly in LE
Some loss of motivation and executive cognition
Anterior cerebral deficits
Contralateral hemiplegia and somatosensory loss in the UE and head
Aphasia
Sensory association
Some loss of executive cognition and working memory
Major mulisystem dysfunciton as result of deep structure insult
Middle cerebral deficits can include
Hemianopsia
Several syndromes related to midbrain, thalamus, and subthalamic nuclei
Webers syndrome
Posterior cerebral deficits can include
Superior alternating hemiplegia
Ipsilateral oculomotor dysfunction
Pupil dilation
Contralateral hemiplegia
webers syndrome
Ipsilateral limb and gain ataxia
Contralateral loss of pain and temp sensation
ipsilateral horner’s syndrome
Superior cerebellar deficits can include
Increased influence of parasympathetic drive to the eye
ipsilateral pupil constriction
ptosis
sinking in of eyeball
Horners syndrome
ipsilateral loss of facial sensation
ipsilateral horners syndrome
contralateral hemianesthesia
anterior inferior cerabellar deficits can include
Posterior inferior cerebellar deficits can include
Wallenbergs’s syndrome
Dysphagia and dysarthria (nucleus ambiguus)
Ipsilateral pain and temp of face (CNV)
contralateral pain and temp of body (spinothalamic tract)
Vertigo (vestibular nuclei)
Ipsilateral horner’s
Wallenberg’s syndrome
Anterior spinal deficits can include
Medial medullary syndrome
Contralateral conscious proprioception (medial leminiscus)
Paresis (upper motor neuronds in pyramidal tract )
deviation of tongue to side of lesion (CN XII)
Medial medullary syndrome
Ipsilateral conscious proprioception (nucleus cuneatus and gracillus)
Posterior spinal deficits can include
what can occlude the vertebral arteries
Extension and rotation, especially with bad posture
What can vertebral artery compromise result in
nystagmus dizziness nausea blurred vision loss of balance or fall
Main sinuses
Superior sagittal sinus Inferior sagittal sinus Sphenoparietal sinus Cavernous sinus Transverse sinus Confluence of sinuses
runs the length of the in interhemisphereic fissure at the superior border of the falx cerebri draining much of the lateral and superior medial cortex
Superior sagittal sinus
runs much of the length of the interhemispheric fissure at teh inferior border of the falx cerebri formin the straight sinus above the tentorium cerebelli
Inferior sagittal sinus
drain the deep middle cerebral veins
Sphenoparietal sinus
Convoluted sinus around the sella turcica. many important structures are surrounded by these sunuses
Cavernous sinus
Wraps around the lateral aspects of the cerebellum draining the occipital cortex and cerebellum
transverse sinus
near the occipital pole, the superior and straight sinuses connect to the tranverse sinuses, which becomes the sigmoid sinus which then descends to become the internal jugular vein
confluence of sinuses
Layers that play an integral role in supporting the brain, vessels and CSF
Meninges
Tough fibrous membrane that surrounds the venous sinuses
dura mater
The dura extends between lobes of the brain in sheets called speta, to help hold it in place in relation to the vessels
Flax cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli
Provides mechanical and chemical support for the brain
acts like a protective water jacket
carries away metabolites and toxins
cerebrospinal fluid
____ are present in each ventricle
choroid plexuses
sequence of verticles
Lateral ventricles 3rd ventricle cerebral aqueduct 4th ventricle empties to the central canal of the spinal cord
Ventricles that wind around the basal ganglia, thalamus, midbrain
Lateral ventricles
Narrow vertical space between the thalami, above the hypothalamus
3rd ventricle
narrow channel running from the 3rd to 4th ventricle
Cerebral aqueducts
pyramid shaped cavity behind the pons and below, anterior to, and between the hemisphere of the cerebellum
4th ventricle
the continued production of CSF even if flow is obstructed
Hydrocephalus
artery to medial and some frontal/parietal aspects of the cortex
also support internal capsule, and some basal ganglia
anterior cerebral artery
