4 Flashcards
What is the level of injury determined by
The last intact muscle group and dermatome
C1-4 key muscle group
Diaphragm and sensory
C5 key muscle group
Biceps
C6 key muscle group
Wrist extension
C7 key muscle group
Triceps
C8 Key muscle group
Finger flexors
T1 Key muscle group
Small finger abductors
T2-L1 Key muscle group
Sensory level
L2 Key muscle group
Hip flexors
L3 Key muscle group
Knee flexors
L4 Key muscle group
Ankle dorsiflexors
L5 Key muscle group
Long toe extensors
S1 Key muscle group
Ankle plantarflexors
S2-S5 Key muscle group
Sensory level and sphincter tone
the lowest key muscle with a grade of at least 3/5, provided all key muscles above it are graded 5
Motor level
The lowest normal dermatome
Sensory level
The highest of the motor or sensory levels on either side
Neurological level
Relates to presence or absence or rectal tone or sensation
Takes into consideration if any sensation or motor function is present below the level of the injury
Completeness of injury
ASIA A
Complete- no motor or sensory function is preserved in the sacral seg S4-S5
ASIA B
Sensory incomplete - Sensory but not motor function is preserved below the neurological level. Sacral segments S4 and S5 are intact
ASIA C
motor incomplete - Motor function is preserved below the neurological level and more than half of key muscle function below the neurological level of injury have a muscle grade less than 3
ASIA D
Motor incomplete - Motor function is preserved below the neurological level and at least half or more of key muscle function below the NLI have a muscle grade >3
ASIA E
Normal- Used in follow up of patient with SCI who initially had deficits
Characterized by the loss of function of the ventral pathway and the conservation of the dorsal column. Preservation of light touch, proprioception and deep pressure, absences of pain and motor function
Anterior cord syndrome
Presentation of anterior cord syndrome
Preservation of light touch, proprioception and deep pressure, absences of pain and motor function
Characterized by a central area of injury witch affects the medially located motor fibers that control distal upper extremity function
Central cord Syndrome
Central cord syndrome presentation
UE weakness greater than LE weakness, sacral sensory sparing
Characterized by damage that affects one half of the spinal cord significantly greater than the other half
Brown Sequard syndrome
Presentation of Brown Sequard Syndrome
Spastic paresis, loss of light touch and vibration sensation of the damaged side and loss of pain and temp on the contralateral side
Presentation of cauda equina syndrome
Low back pain, radicular pain, lower extremity paresis or paralysis, sensory deficit in the perineal area, bowel or bladder dysfunction, diminished or absent patellar and achilles reflexes
Dangerous situation for patients due to increase in blood pressure and risk for cerebral hemorrhage or possible heart failure
Autonomic dysreflexia
Symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia
Headache Sweating Nasal congestion Sustained penile erection Hyperhidrosis above the level of the lesion Paresthesias
a fluid filled cavity within the spinal cord that may extend for multiple spinal levels
Syrinx
cause considerable reduction in functional capacity as well as pain
Syringomelia
