9/30 Questions Flashcards
What is the origin of the psoas major?
vertebral bodies T12, L1-L5, S1
transverse processes of L1-L5
What will innervate the psoas major?
primarily the ventral rami of L2 and L3, may include ventral rami of L1 and L4 spinal nerves
What is the origin of the psoas minor?
vertebral bodies T12, L1
What will innervate the psoas minor?
the ventral ramus of L1 spinal nerve
What will innervate the iliacus?
the femoral nerve, primarily the ventral rami of L2 and L3
What is the origin of the levator costarum brevis?
transverse tubercles of transverse processes from C7, T1-T11
What will innervate the levator costarum brevis?
the dorsal rami of T1-T12 spinal nerves
What is the origin of the levator costarum longus?
transverse tubercles of transverse processes from T7-T10
What will innervate the levator costarum longus?
the dorsal rami of the lower thoracic spinal nerves
What is the origin of the serratus posterior superior?
spinous tubercles of spinous processes from C7, T1 and T2, possibly T3
What will innervate the serratus posterior superior?
the ventral rami of T2-T5 spinal nerves…. intercostal nerves
What is the origin of the serratus posterior inferior?
spinous tubercles of spinous processes from T11, T12, L1, and L2, possibly L3
What will innervate the serratus posterior inferior?
ventral rami of T9-T11, intercostal nerves and ventral ramus of T12, subcostal nerve
What is the maximum number of common ligaments identified with a vertebral couple?
8
What is the reason that nine common ligaments are identified but only eight will be attached at any specific vertebral couple?
the ligamentum nuchae and supraspinous ligaments attach to the spinous tubercles, but only one of these will be identified at a single vertebral couple
Which common ligaments will attach to the vertebral body?
anterior longitudinal ligament, intervertebral disc, and posterior longitudinal ligament
What common ligament/s will attach to the vertebral arch?
the ligamentum flavum
What is the number of true intervertebral discs identified in the adult?
23
In the adult, which vertebral levels will demonstrate a true intervertebral disc?
those between C2 and S1 inclusive
What is the percent of intervertebral disc height contribution to the length of each region of the vertebral column?
cervical - 22-25%
thoracic - 20%
lumbar - 33%
What is the intervertebral disc histologically composed of?
cells, collagen fibers, hydrated proteoglycan gel
What are the names of the central, peripheral, and horizontal zones of the intervertebral disc?
nucleus pulposus (central zone) annulus fibrosus (peripheral zone) cartilaginous end plate (horizontal zone)
What is the name of the growth zone of the intervertebral disc?
transition zone
What maintains the height of the cervical intervertebral disc?
the uncinate processes
What is the effect of aging on the intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus?
it becomes more fibrous as water and proteoglycan concentrations diminish
What is the cervical nucleus pulposus composed of?
fibrocartilage
What is the water concentration in the lumbar nucleus pulposus at birth and after 30?
birth (88%)
30 (70%)
What is the consequence of non-aggregated glycosaminoglycans in the lumbar nucleus pulposus?
the nucleus pulposus will loose water under deformation conditions
What cell is associated with the nucleus pulposus until about age 11?
notochord cells
What cells are associated with the mature nucleus pulposus?
reticulocyte-fibroblast and chondroblast
Which type of collagen is dominant in the nucleus pulposus?
collagen type II
What is the organizational pattern for collagen fibers in the nucleus pulposus?
they are irregularly oriented and randomly scattered
What general tissue location is described as having an abundance of collagen type II fibers?
cartilage
What is the role of collagen type II fibers based on locations where it is dominant?
it appears to be related to tissues having a deformation - reformation ability
The quadrate lumborum is implicated in the formation of which ligament?
the iliolumbar ligament
